Sensors and Actuators

Sections:
1. Sensors
2. Actuators
3. Analog-to-Digital Conversion
4. Digital-to-Analog Conversion
5. Input/Output Devices for Discrete Data
 Definitions
Transducer: a device that converts one form of
energy into another

Sensor: a device that converts a physical

parameter to an electrical output

Actuator: a device that converts an electrical signal

to a physical output.
Process Control Interface
To implement process control, the
computer/controller must collect data from and
transmit signals to the production process
Components required to implement the interface:
Sensors to measure continuous and discrete process
variables
Actuators to drive continuous and discrete process
parameters
Devices for ADC and DAC
I/O devices for discrete data
Electronic VS Mechanical Measuring
Instruments

Electronic devices are versatile and easy to use.

An electrical quantity can be easily manipulated,

displayed and used for feedback control.

Electronic equipment has a very high speed of

response; it can be used to measure both static

(constant in time) and dynamic (time-varying)

signals.
 SINYAL
WAKTU

Contin
Diskrit
ue
 SIGNAL
Fungsi satu / lebih variabel informasi
tentang perilaku. Variabel bebasnya
waktu .
PENJELASAN
Signal Continue Signal Diskrit
Secara umum Signal Secara umum Signal Diskrit
continue dapat dapat dikatan sebagai signal
Digital . Dan dapat di
dikatan sebagai signal perlihatkan dari diagram
Analog . Dan dapat di
perlihatkan dari Variabel bebasnya :n
diagram . Diberikan tanda : [ ]
Variabel bebas nya Bentuk umumnya :
:t x[n]
tanda nya : ()
Bentuk Umumnyanya Sinyal diskrit semua nilainya di
ketahui. ADC = alat
: x(t) pemidaahan sinyal analaog ke
digital
TRANSFORMASI
SIGNAL

Ada Signal
ASAL

Signal KELUAR
Process Control System

Transformation Process

Continuous and Discrete Continuous and Discrete

Parameters Variables

Actuators
Actuators Sensors
Sensors

DAC
DAC ADC
ADC
Computer
Computer //
Controller
Controller
Output Devices Input Devices
 Sensors

Stimulus (s) Signal (S)

Physical
Physical Sensing
Sensing Conditioning
Conditioning Target
Target
Medium
Medium Element
Element Handling
Handling

Temperature Resistance Voltage Information

Transducers
Micro-sensors 10-6m