Project Title

Wear and Dynamic Experimental Analysis of

Epoxy/Glass Fiber, CaSiO3 Based Composite
Laminates

Team members:
ANURAGH M P (1EW09ME012) DIVAKAR H
(1EW09ME026)
JEEVAN M C (1EW09ME033) KIRAN K R
(1EW9ME0037)
Project Guide:
GURUPRASAD H L

Place of work:
East West Institution of Technology, Bangalore

Department of Mechanical Engineering 1

East West Institution of Techanology;Bangalo0re
 Contents
Introduction.
Literature Review.
Objective
Methodology
Work to be carried out
Raw materials
Conclusion
References

Department of Mechanical Engineering 2

East West Institution of Techanology;Bangalo0re
 INTRODUCTION
A composite material is a macroscopic combination of two or more distinct
materials, having a recognizable interface between them. Composites typically
have a fiber or particle phase that is stiffer and stronger than the continuous
matrix phase. Composites can be divided into thee main classification
Polymer matrix composites Abstract
Metal matrix composites
Ceramic matrix composites
Among the three we are interested with polymer matrix
composites . In todays world Polymer matrix composites are being used to
design lighter and stronger material that can be used at high temperatures and
resist corrosion better than conventional metals. These materials consist of strong
fibers embedded in a resilient plastic that holds them in place. Polymer Matrix
Composites are very popular due to their low cost and simple fabrication
methods.

Department of Mechanical Engineering 3

East West Institution of Techanology;Bangalo0re
 Literature Review
The first uses of composites date back to the 1500s B.C. when early Egyptians and
Mesopotamian settlers used a mixture of mud and straw to create strong and durable
buildings
In 1200 AD, the Mongols invented the first composite bow. Using a combination of wood,
bone, and animal glue, bows were pressed and wrapped with birch bark.
In 1935, Owens Corning introduced the first glass fiber, when combined with a plastic
polymer creates an incredibly strong structure that is also lightweight. This is the beginning
of the Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) industry as we know it today.
Brandt Goldsworthy, often referred to as the grandfather of composites, developed new
manufacturing processes and products. He is credited with numerous advancements
including being the first to fiberglass a surfboard, which revolutionized the sport.
Era of composite industries began to furnish in the period 1970s.
In the future, composites are on the path towards being more environmentally friendly.
Resins will incorporate recycled plastics and bio-based polymers. Composites will continue
to make the world lighter, stronger, more durable, and a better place to live

Department of Mechanical Engineering 4

East West Institution of Techanology;Bangalo0re
 Objective
To enhance water resistence property of laminate

The major disadvantage of polymer matrix composites is the

absorption of moisture from the surrounding environment which deteriorates
the properties of laminate as the time progresses. In order avoid the
absorption of moisture water resistant coating is provided. The coating
avoids the entry of moisture into the laminate and enhances the durability of
the laminate without affecting the properties of the laminate

laminate with partly coated with water resistant

Department of Mechanical Engineering 5

East West Institution of Techanology;Bangalo0re
 Methodology
Hand Lay-up
technique:
Hand lay-up, the simplest fabrication process, is open mold
process. Hand lay-up uses no mechanical spraying or chopping
equipment for depositing the resin or glass reinforcement. The
mold is first coated with a wax to ensure removal after curing.
Following gel coat application, alternate layers of catalyzed
polyester resin and reinforcement material are applied. The ratio
of resin to glass is usually 60 to 40 by weight, but varies by
product. Each reinforcement layer is "wetted out" with resin,
and then rolled out to remove air pockets. The process
continues until the desired thickness is achieved. Hand lay-up is
also a room temperature curing process.

Department of Mechanical Engineering 6

East West Institution of Techanology;Bangalo0re
Work to be carried out
Epoxy / Glass fiber composite laminates to
be prepared:
Epoxy + 1 layer WSM + 6% CaSiO3
Epoxy + 2 layer WSM + 6% CaSiO3
Epoxy + 3 layer WSM + 6% CaSiO3
Epoxy + 1 layer CSM + 6% CaSiO3

Epoxy + 2 layer CSM + 6% CaSiO3 Chopped strand mat

Epoxy + 3 layer CSM + 6% CaSiO3

WSM - Woven strand mat

CSM - Chopped strand mat

Department of Mechanical Engineering 7

woven strand mat
East West Institution of Techanology;Bangalo0re
 Raw Materials
Lapox-XR 23: It is a thermo-set and a tetra functional semisolid epoxy resin.
It is being used in the following application
High performance laminates
Aerospace application

Glass fiber: It is used in the form of woven strand mat and chopped
mat.Propertiesof glass fiber has been listed below
Corrosion resistance
High strength at low densities
Sound insulation
Moisture Resistance
Low co-efficient of thermal expansion.

Calcium silicate: It is used as a water resistive coating for the laminate.

Addition of calcium silicate affects the mechanical properties to little extent
but provides better durability to the laminate . In the previous work it was
justified that the laminate with 6% calcium silicate is having good
mechanical properties than compared with 2 and 4% of calcium silicate. So
we have selected 6% Department of Mechanical
calcium silicate has ourEngineering
work composition 8
East West Institution of Techanology;Bangalo0re
 Conclusion

Laminates are developed and tested for wear and

dynamic properties .

Laminates provide better resistance to moisture

and have better durability and better mechanical
properties

Department of Mechanical Engineering 9

East West Institution of Techanology;Bangalo0re
 References

Mechanics of composite material : V P Raghupathy

History of composites: composites.about.com

Glass fiber : textilelearner.blogspot.com/.../glass-fiber

Composites : Wikipedia

Department of Mechanical Engineering 10

East West Institution of Techanology;Bangalo0re
 THANK
YOU

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