Escolar Documentos
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Reproduction
Reproduction
Pembiakan
ImportanceOf
Importance OfReproduction
Reproduction
KepentinganPembiakan
Kepentingan Pembiakan
Types Of Reproduction
Jenis-jenis Pembiakan
Sexual Reproduction
Male Female
Pembiakan Seks
Lelaki Perempuan
Fertilisation Proses
Fertilisation
The fusion of the nuclei of a sperm and an
ovum to form a zygote
Zygote
Contains genetic material
from both parents
Developmental growth
Foetus
Proses Persenyawaan
Persenyawaan
Percantuman nukleus sperma dan ovum
untuk membentuk zigot
Zigot
Mengandungi
bahan genetik
daripada kedua-
dua induk Pertumbuhan
Fetus
Types Of
Fertilisation
Jenis jenis
Persenyawaan
Asexual Reproduction
No fertilisation
No variation
Spore Vegetative
Binary Fission Budding Regeneration
formation reproduction
Pembiakan Aseks
Tiada persenyawaan
Tiada variasi
Belahan
Dedua
Contoh : Ameba, Paramesium.
Budding
Pertunasan
Sporangium
Spore
Sporangium
Spora
Two gametes :
Gametes No gametes
sperm and ovum.
Internal or external
Fertilisation No fertilisation
fertilisation.
Dua gamet :
Gamet Tiada gamet
sperma dan ovum
Persenyawaan Tiada
Persenyawaan
dalam atau luar persenyawaan
Terdapat variasi
Variasi progeni Tiada variasi
pada progeni
Organisma Organisma
peringkat tinggi peringkat rendah
Peringkat organisma
(Contoh : paus dan (Contoh : Ameba,
cicak) Paramesium)
Duktus
Kelenjar seks Testis
sperma
Structure
StructureOf
OfMale
MaleReproductive
ReproductiveSystem
System
Struktur
StrukturSistem
SistemPembiakan
PembiakanLelaki
Lelaki
Tail
Middle piece
Neck
Head
Tadpole shape
Ekor
Bahagian tengah
Leher
Kepala
FemaleReproductive
Female ReproductiveSystem
System
SistemPembiakan
Sistem PembiakanPerempuan
Perempuan
Structure Of An Ovum
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Jelly layer
Struktur Ovum
Membran sel
Nukleus
Sitoplasma
Lapisan jeli
Unpredictable emotions.
Sperm
Sperm Ovum
Ovum
Sperma
Sperma Ovum
Ovum
Menstrual Cycle
Introduction To Menstruation
Involves breaking down and building up of uterine wall and blood vessels
Divided to 4 phases.
Menstruation Premenstrual
Repair phase Fertile phase
phase phase
Kitar Haid
Proces pengeluaran darah dan lapisan uterus secara berkala melalui faraj
Kitar haid mengambil masa 28 hari dan berbeza bagi setiap individu. Ia
dipengaruhi oleh tekanan, aktiviti fizikal, emosi dan nutrisi.
Fasa pengovulan
Fasa haid Fasa pembaikan Fasa prahaid
(subur)
Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual
MenstrualCycle
Cycle
Kitar Haid
Kitar
KitarHaid
Haid
Fasa haid
Fasa prahaid Lapisan dinding
4 Fasa Kitar Haid
uterus runtuh
Uterus bersedia Salur darah juga
untuk penempelan Fasa haid meruntuh
embrio Fasa pembaikan Kedua-duanya
Fasa pengovulan dikeluarkan
Fasa prahaid
Fasa pengovulan Fasa pembaikan
Lapisan dinding
Ovum dibebaskan uterus menebal
Dinding uterus dan Lebih banyak salur
salur darah terbina darah terbentuk
Copulation
Sperms are transferred into the
vagina
Fertilization
Sperms fuses with ovum
Implantation
Embryo attached to the inner wall of
uterus
A woman is pregnant
Persetubuhan
Sperma dipindahkan ke dalam faraj
Persenyawaan
Sperma bercantum dengan ovum
Penempelan
Embrio menempel pada dinding
dalam uterus
Wanita hamil
Telur yang
Embrio awal Perkembangan
disenyawakan
kelahiran embrio kepada fetus
sehingga kelahiran
Amnion
Uterus wall Placenta
Umbilical cord
Foetus
Amniotic fluid
Amnion
Dinding Uterus Plasenta
Tali pusat
Fetus
Bendalir amnion
The foetus rotates until the head points towards the cervix.
Carbohydrates
Monitor the
Protein Fetal alcohol
development of Smoke prevent
Folic acid syndrome
foetus oxygen being
Vitamin B transported to the
Iron foetus
Damage foetuss
brain, nervous
Abnormal brain system and heart
development
Kepentingan Penjagaan
Pranatal
Pengambilan
Pemeriksaan Elakkan alkohol
nutrien yang
berkala dan dadah
cukup
Tidur yang cukup Jangan merokok
Mengawasi
Karbohidrat Rokok Sindrom Alkohol
perkembangan
menghalang Fetal
Protein fetus
oksigen
Asid folik
dipindahkan
Vitamin B kepada fetus
Zat besi
Merosakkan
otak, sistem saraf
Pertumbuhan dan jantung fetus
otak tidak normal
Sterility
Sterility
Reasons
Male Female
Kemandulan
Kemandulan
Sebab
Lelaki Perempuan
Reproductive
Drug treatment Surgery
technologies
BirthControl
Birth ControlOr
OrContraception
Contraception
Preventing
Preventingovulation
ovulation
BirthControl
ControlOr
Or Preventing
Birth Preventingfertilization
fertilization
Contraception
Contraception
Preventing
Preventingimplantation
implantationofoffertilized
fertilizedovum.
ovum.
PencegahanKehamilan
Pencegahan Kehamilan
Mencegah
Mencegahpengovulan
pengovulan
Pencegahan Mencegah
Pencegahan Mencegahpersenyawaan
persenyawaan
Kehamilan
Kehamilan
Mencegah
Mencegah penempelan
penempelan ovum
ovum yang
yang telah
telah
disenyawakan
disenyawakan
Preventing Ovulation
Menghalang Pengovulan
Natural method
Relies on the knowledge of a womans
ovulation cycle to avoid copulation
during fertile period
Condom
Preventing
Preventing
Fertilisation Use by male to prevent sperms from
Fertilisation
entering the vagina during copulation
Diaphragm
Use by female to prevent sperms from
entering the uterus
Kondom
Menghalang
Menghalang Digunakan oleh lelaki untuk
Persenyawaan
Persenyawaan menghalang sperma daripada
memasuki faraj semasa persetubuhan
Diafragma
Digunakan oleh perempuan untuk
menghalang sperma daripada
memasuki uterus
PreventingImplantation
Preventing ImplantationOf
OfFertilized
FertilizedOvum
Ovum
Petal
Stigma
Anther
(Produces pollen) Style
Stamen
Filament Pistil
Sepal
Ovary
Ovule
Ranggi
Stigma
Anter
(Menghasilkan Stil
Stamen butir debunga)
Filamen Pistil
Sepal
Ovari
Ovul
Petal
Stigma
Anther
(Produces pollen) Style
Stamen
Filament Pistil
Sepal
Ovary
Ovule
Ranggi
Stigma
Anter
(Menghasilkan Stil
Stamen butir debunga)
Filamen Pistil
Sepal
Ovari
Ovul
Pollen sacs
Pollen grain
Anther
Anther
Nucleus
Cut anther
Pundi debunga
Butir debunga
Anter
Anter
Nukleus
Keratan anter
Style is the place where pollen tube grows down to the ovary.
Stigma
Style
Stigma
Stil
TypesOf
Types OfGametes
Gametes
Jenisjenis
Jenis jenisGamet
Gamet
4.9 Pollination
Pollination
Pollination
Pollination
For sexual reproduction in flowering plants to take place,
pollen must reach stigma.
The process is known as pollination. There are two types.
Self-Pollination Cross-Pollination
The transfer of pollen grains
Transfer of pollen grains from from the anther of a flower to
the anther of a flower to the the stigma of another flower on
stigma of the same flower or a different plant of same
another flower on the same species.
plant. Pollen
Pollen Anther Stigma
Anther
Pollen Stigma Flower of Flower of
Stigma plant A plant B
Pendebungaan
Pendebungaan
Pendebungaan
Pembiakan seks bagi tumbuhan berbunga berlaku apabila
debunga sampai ke stigma.
Proses ini dipanggil pendebungaan.
Terdapat dua jenis pendebungaan.
Anter
Debunga Stigma Bunga Bunga
Stigma tumbuhan A tumbuhan B
Pollination
Self-Pollination Cross-Pollination
Pendebungaan
Pollination
Pollination Agents
Pendebungaan
Agen Pendebungaan
Pollination
Wind
White or light
Small No smell No nectar
colour
Small, light
Long styles
Long filament and smooth
and stigma
pollen
Pendebungaan
Angin
Filamen
Kecil Tiada bau Tiada nektar
panjang
Debunga
Berwarna kecil, ringan Stil dan
cerah atau dan stigma
putih permukaan panjang
licin
ITeach S 3
Topic 4 Reproduction
Pollination
Insects
Pollen sticks to the insects legs and bodies and carried to another flower.
Rough, big,
Big Colourful Scented heavy and
sticky pollen
Stigma with
Have nectar Short styles
sticky surface
Pendebungaan
Serangga
Debunga melekat pada kaki dan badan serangga untuk dibawa ke bunga
yang lain
Debunga
Besar Berwarna Ada bau besar, berat
dan melekit
Permukaan
Ada nektar Stil pendek
stigma melekit
Pollination
Animals
Pollen sticks to the animals beak and bodies and carried to another flower.
Rough and
Have nectar
sticky pollen
Pendebungaan
Haiwan
Debunga melekat pada paruh dan badan haiwan untuk dibawa ke bunga
yang lain.
Debunga
kasar dan Ada nektar
melekit
Pollination
Water
Water carries pollen of the floating plants to the stigma of another plants.
Pendebungaan
Air
Pollination
Characteristics
Wind Insect
of Flower
Small, light, smooth and big Big, rough, sticky and less
Pollen
quantity quantity
Pendebungaan
Warna ranggi Warna putih atau pudar Warna terang dan menarik
Pollination
TheAdvantages
The AdvantagesOf
OfCross-Pollination
Cross-Pollination
New plants with better resistant to pest and diseases are produced
Pendebungaan
KelebihanPendebungaan
Kelebihan PendebungaanKacuk
Kacuk
Pollination
Researches are carried out to improve the quality and quantity of agriculture
crops.
Pendebungaan
Fertilisationin
Fertilisation inPlants
Plants
After pollination, the male gamete must meet the female gamete in the ovule
for fertilisation.
Persenyawaandalam
Persenyawaan dalam
Tumbuhan
Tumbuhan
Animations- -Fertilisation
Animations FertilisationIn
InPlants
Plants
AnimasiPersenyawaan
Animasi Persenyawaandalam
dalamTumbuhan
Tumbuhan
Pollen tube grows towards ovule and the nucleus inside the pollen
divides and produces two male gametes
Ovule becomes
Ovary becomes fruit After fertilization
seed
Germination Of Seeds
GerminationOf
Germination OfSeeds
Seeds
PercambahanBiji
Percambahan BijiBenih
Benih
Germination Of Seeds
Seeds
Monocotyledonous
Dicotyledonous seed
seed
Seed coat
Seed coat
Cotyledon Cotyledon (Food store)
Endosperm
Plumule
(Food store) Plumule
Radicle
Radicle
Biji Benih
Biji Benih
Biji Benih Dikotiledon
Monokotiledon
Kulit biji
Kulit biji
Kotiledon Kotiledon (Simpanan
Endosperma makanan)
Plumul
(Simpanan Plumul
Radikel makanan)
Radikel
Germination Of Seeds
Structureand
Structure and
FunctionsOf
Functions OfAASeed
Seed
Testa
Plumule
Sead coat
Cotyledon Hilum
Embryo
Micropyle
Radicle
Plumule Part of the embryo that will develop into a new shoot
Strukturdan
Struktur danFungsi
Fungsi
BijiBenih
Biji Benih
Testa
Plumul
Kulit biji
Kotiledon Hilum
Embrio
Mikropil
Radikel
Germination Of Seeds
PhysicalChanges
Physical Changesof
ofSeedlings
SeedlingsDuring
DuringGermination
Germination
PerubahanFizikal
Perubahan FizikalBiji
BijiBenih
BenihSemasa
SemasaPercambahan
Percambahan
Percambahan biji benih memerlukan udara, air dan suhu yang sesuai.
The young plant has the same genetic material as the parent plant.
VegetativeParts
Vegetative Parts
BahagianVegetatif
Bahagian Vegetatif
Stem cuttings
Long time method where twig or branch of parent plants are used to
develop new plants
Tissue culture
Keratan batang
Kultur tisu