Past Perfect

2 different events at 2 different times

in the past.
One event ends before the second
event happens.

Adam left the apartment. Diana knocked on the door.

Past Perfect: Adam had left the apartment when Diana

knocked on the door.
 A cyclist grabbed her phone.
Ariel called her mother.

Past Perfect: Ariel had called her mother when a

Past Perfect: Ariel ___________ .
cyclist grabbed her phone.
She cut the vegetables. The knife dropped on the floor.

Past Perfect: She had cut the vegetables when the

Past Perfect: We ___________ ..
knife dropped on the floor.
We crossed the road. A car hit a pedestrian.

Past Perfect: We had crossed the road when a car hit

Past Perfect: We ___________ ..
a pedestrian.

Past Perfect: The car had hit the pedestrian when we

crossed the road.
 A bank robbery happened.
Harry withdrew money.

Past Perfect: Harry had withdrawn some money when

the robbery happened.
Past Perfect: The bank robbery had happened when
Harry withdrew the money.
 The phone rang. He fell asleep.

Past Perfect: The phone had rung when he fell asleep.

Past Perfect: He had fallen asleep when the phone

rang.
My cat spilled the coffee. I drank coffee.

Which do you think happened first?

Past Perfect: I had drunk the coffee when my cat

spilled it.