Precipitation Observation

from Space in the Next

Generation: the Global
Precipitation Measurement
(GPM)

Tomomi Nio
NASDA/EORC

16th APAN Meetings / Advanced Network Conference in Busan Aug. 27, 2003
 topics
Rain measurement

From TRMM to GPM

TRMMs achivements
GPM objectives

Key of GPM
Data distribution time delay
High performance network
 Water and Our life
Typhoon ETAU (11W)
Water Problem
Water shortage
Flood
Food shortage, epidemic diseases, etc.
Global warming, Climate change

Many Meetings
The 3rd World Water Forum
Earth Observation Summit

The century of Water

 Rainfall Measurement
Rain affect most everyones life &
work
Food production
Flood, drought

Rain is a key variable in

Weather prediction models
Climate models
Air-sea interaction models, etc.

Contribution by rainfall measuring

satellites ;
TRMM (Tropical Rainfall measuring
TRMMs Achievements
Demonstration of the worlds first space-
borne precipitation radar technology

Scientific Achievements
Accurate observation of rain distribution in tropical and sub-
tropical regions
Diurnal, annual, and long-term variations of precipitation
3-dimensional rain structure (PR)
Accurate rain observation over ocean and land in equal quality
(PR)
Improvement in weather forecasting with 4-D data assimilation
Sea Surface Temperature (SST) estimation under clouds
Estimation of soil moisture (PR)

Successful cooperation between US and

Japan
 Efficient data use
1. Near real-rime data distribution
NASA-NASDA Back bone
Network
Asia Pacific Advanced Network

2. Software distribution
 Back born Network

GSFC
GSFC

JPL
JPL

3Mb/s

JMA
JMA

3Mb/s

ATM Dedicated line

Earth
EarthObservation
Observation
Center Earth
EarthObservation
Observation
Center
6Mb/s Research
ResearchCenter
Center
NASA EBnet
 APAN

MAFFIN
MAFFIN TRMM data GSFC
EORC
EORC GSFC

APAN
USER
USER
USER
USER Rainfall product
USER
USER

APAN is enough performance for sharing TRMM data in real-time.

 Application
Toolkit (TISDIS toolkit)
capable writing HDF or binary
For expert, researcher

Viewer (Orbit viewer)

For expert, researcher, school

Typhoon Data Base

Tropical cyclones database observed by TRMM
For interest
From
GPM TRMM to

Whats Next?
 GPM objective
Improve ongoing efforts to predict climate
by providing near-global measurement of precipitation

Improve the accuracy of weather and

precipitation forecasts
through more accurate measurement of rain rates and
latent heating.

Provide more frequent and complete

sampling of the Earth's precipitation.
This will provide better prediction of flood hazards and
management of life-sustaining activities dependent upon
fresh water
 GPM Reference Concept
OBJECTIVE: Understand OBJECTIVE: Provide
the Horizontal and Enough Sampling to
Vertical Structure of Reduce Uncertainty
Rainfall and Its in Short-term Rainfall
Microphysical Element. Accumulations.
Provide Training for Extend Scientific and
Constellation Societal Applications.
Radiometers.
Core Satellite Constellation
Dual Frequency Radar Satellites
Multi-frequency Radiometer Small Satellites
H2-A Launch with Microwave
TRMM-like Spacecraft Radiometers
Non-Sun Synchronous Orbit Aggregate Revisit
~70 Inclination Time,
~400 - 500 km Altitude 3 Hour goal
Sun-Synchronous
~4 km Horizontal Resolution
Polar Orbits
250 m Vertical Resolution Global Precipitation
~600 km Altitude
Processing Center
Precipitation Validation Capable of Producing
Sites Global Precip Data Products
Global Ground Based Rain as Defined by GPM Partners
Measurement
A Rolling Wave View for
GPM
 Observation by a fleet of
satellites with microwave
radiometer
Observation area
with MWRs in 3 hours
(1, 2, 4 and 8
satellites from top to
bottom)
Coverages by
TRMM PR and
GPM DPR in a
day

 3-hour Global Coverage
The observation area covered in 3 hours
by
Single satellite

Issue;
Two Constellation
Can we use all of those
data in target term; 3
Four Constellation
hours?

Eight Constellation
satellites
To get 3hr Rain map
One of GPM Objectives is to provide more
frequent and complete sampling of the
Earths precipitation.
Lets gather and distribute Microwave
Radiometer (MWR) L1B data!

Those exchanging should be

Quickly
Frequently
Easily
 Key of quick
distribution
It is requested to reduce time
delay in order to maximize the
use of MWR L1B data.
There are three elements below;

1. Data acquisition time delay

2. Data processing time delay
3. Data transmission time delay
Key of Data Exchange
Issues for quick, frequent and
easy data distribution;
High performance network
Stable
Fast
Easy Access
Data handling Software
Easy equipment
Standard technology
 NASDA status
Phase : Conceptual Study
NASDA will start the data processing system and EO
information and management system (GPM/EOIS),
which should be FLEXIBLE systems.

Not decided the policies yet;

data exchange, data openness
definition of standard product

International WG for data exchange : GDaWG

To Discuss
Content, Metadata,
Network
Exchange mechanisms, format handling (like based on
XML)
Standard information technology
Proposing to algorithm developers, program makers,
 Back born Network

Kiruna
Kiruna
NGN
NGN NOAA
NOAA GSFC
GSFC

CNES
CNES

1Mb/s
APAN JPL
JPL

64kb/s 3Mb/s
CLS
CLS
Japan
Japan

MOE
MOE 64kb/s JMA
JMA

1Mb/s 3Mb/s
JAFIC
JAFIC
ATM Dedicated line
Earth
EarthObservation
Observation
ISDN line Center Earth
EarthObservation
Observation
Center
6Mb/s Research
ResearchCenter
Center
NASA EBnet
Concept of GPM Data Network
EGPM Megha-Tripique GPM CORE NPOESS FY3 GCOM-B1

ARTEMIS
TDRS DRTS

Users

Toolkit, SW
NASA Ground Systems
ESA Ground Systems NASDA Ground Systems

GLOBAL
GLOBAL WARLDWIDE
WARLDWIDE
GPM Data Network NETWOR
NETWOR
Users

French Ground Systems Application SW Chinese Ground Systems

Indian Ground Systems

Users

Science & Research Weather Disaster Monitoring Education Public & Business
 Summary
GPM important key is Data Utilization
Important : data exchange
High performance network
<Fast> <stable>
To collect high-frequent observation data
immediately
To distribute them for users
Easy Utilization
<Standard> <GIS>
To standardize for handling MWRs data which have
different characteristics for their data mapping and
their statistics.
To use for many kind of people