SE Prod FM CH 3 Flow in Pipes Numericals

Flow in Pipes_Numericals
FLUID
MECHANICS
ME 0221 SEM-III Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Circuits S. Y. B. Tech. Prod. Engg.
Flow in Pipes
Numericals
Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Circuits
S.Y. B. Tech.
ME 0221 SEM - III
Production Engineering
Example 1
A pipeline 0.225 mtr in diameter and 1580 mtr long has a slope of 1 in 200 for the first 790
mtr and 1 in 100 for the next 790 mtr. The pressure at the upper end of the pipeline is
107.91 kPa and at the lower end is 53.955 kPa. Taking f = 0.032, determine the discharge
through the pipe.
790 790
Assuming, z2 0, Datum Head : z1 3.95 7.90 11.85 mtr
200 100
2 2
P1 v1 P2 v2
Bernoullis Eq. : z1 z2 hf
2g 2g
L v2 1580 v2
For v1 v2 v , hf f 0.032 11.45 v 2
D 2g 0.225 2 9.81
Example 1.cntd.
Substituting in Bernoullis Eq. :
107.91 103 v2 53.955 v2

11.85 0 11.45 v 2
9810 2 9.81 9810 2 9.81
11.45 v 2 17.35
17.35 m
v 1.23
11.45 sec
2 m3
Q D v 0.225 1.23 0.0489
2
.ANS

4 4 sec
Example 2
A pipe 50 mm diameter is 6 mtr long and the velocity of flow of water in pipe is 2.4 m / sec.
What loss of head and the corresponding power would be saved if the central 2 mtr length
of pipe was replaced by 75 mm diameter pipe, the change of section being sudden ? Take
f = 0.04 for the pipes of both diameters.
2.4 / 4 0.05
2
Velo. of Flow in larger dia. Pipe : v2

/ 4 0.075 2
m
1.07
sec
L v2
Loss of Head due to Friction : hf f
D 2g
0.04
2

2 .4
2
0.47 mtr
0.05 2 9.81
Example 2.cntd.
For the replacement,
Loss due to Sudden Enlargement : hL

v1 v2
2

2.4 1.07
2
0.09 mtr
2g 2 9.81
Loss due to Sudden Contraction : h L 0.5

v1
0.5
2
2.4
2
0.147 mtr
2g 2 9.81
Loss of Head due to Friction h

:f f
L v 2
0.04
2

1.07 0.062 mtr 2
D 2g 0.075 2 9.81
Total Head Loss : h L 0.09 0.062 0.147 0.299 mtr
Example 2.cntd.
Head Saved : h L 0.09 0.062 0.147
0.299 mtr
2
Discharge : Q D v
4
m 3

0.05 2.4 4.7110
2 3

4 sec
Power Saved : P Q h
9810 4.7110 3 0.171

7.901 kW .ANS
Example 3
Two pipes, each 300 mtr long are avaialbel for connecting to a reservoir from which a flow
of 0.085 m3 / sec is required. If the diameters of the two pipes are 0.3 mtr and 0.15 mtr
respectively, determine the ratio of the head lost when the pipes are connected in series to
that in parallel. Neglect minor losses.
Pipes in Series : h
f series hf 1 hf 2
2 2
L1 v1 L v
f f 2 2
D1 2 g D2 2 g
L1 Q2 L2 Q2
f f
2 g / 4 D1 2 g / 4 D2
2 5 2 5
300 0.085 1 1
2
f 2
5
.(I)
2 9.81 / 4 0.3 0.15
5
Example 3.cntd.
m3
Pipes in ||el : Q1 Q2 0.085 .(III)
sec
2 2
Also, h hf 1 hf 2 f
L1 Q1
f
L2 Q2 .(III)
f ||el

2 g / 4 D1
2 5

2 g / 4 D2
2 5
2 2
Q1 Q2
Q1 25 2 Q2 5.657 Q2
0.3 0.15 5
5
m3
6.657 Q2 0.085 .Substituting in (II)
sec
0.085
Q2
6.657
Example 3.cntd.
2 2
h f
L2 Q2
f
300
5
0.085

2 g / 4 D1 2 9.81 / 4 0.15 6.657
f ||el 2 5 2
.From (III)
300 0.085 1 1
2

h
f series
f 2
2 9.81 / 4 0.3
5 5
0.15

Thus,
h
f ||el 300 0.085
2
5
f
2 9.81 / 4 0.15 6.657
2

0.3 2 2

0.15 6.657
2
0.3 5
45.7 .ANS
Example 4
A compound piping system consist of 1800 mtr of 0.5 mtr, 1200 mtr of 0.4 mtr and 600 mm
of 0.3 mtr new cast iron pipes connected in series. Convert the system to :
a) An equivalent length of 0.4 mtr pipe, and
b) An equivalent size pipe 3600 mtr.
L L1 L2 L3
Dupuits Equation : 5
5 5 5
D D1 D2 D3
L1 = 1800 mtr, D1 = 0.5 mtr
L2 = 1200 mtr, D2 = 0.4 mtr
L3 = 600 mtr, D3 = 0.3 mtr
Example 4.cntd.
A) To find L for D = 0.4 mtr :
L 1800 1200 600

0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 5
5 5 5
L 4318 mtr .ANS
B) To find D for L = 3600 mtr :
3600 1800 1200 600

5
D 0.5 0.4 0.3
5 5 5
D 0.386 0.39 mtr .ANS
Example 5
Two reservoirs are connected by a pipeline which rises above the level of the highest
reservoir. What will be the highest point of the siphon above this level if the length of the
pipe leading upto this pont is 540 mtr, the diameter of the pipe being 0.35 m ? The
difference in level of the two reservoirs is 12.6 mtr and the total length of the pipe is 960
mtr. The siphon must run full, the separation of dissolved gases may be assumed to occur at
an absolute pressure of 2.4 mtr of water. What will be the discharge under above conditions
in liters per minute ? Assume f = 0.04 and allow for all losses.
Bernoulli's Equation between Reservoirs A and B :
V 2 V 2 f LV 2 V 2 f L
H 0.5 1.5
2g 2g 2g D 2g D
V2 0.04 960 m
12.6 1 .5 V 1.49
2g 0.35 sec
Example 5.cntd.
Applying Bernoullis Eq. between A and S :
PA PS V2 V 2 f lV 2
00 hL 0 .5
2g 2g 2 g D
PA PS V 2 f l
hL 1.5
2g D
PA
Atm. Pr. Head : 10.36 mtr

l = 540 mtr, V = 1.49 mtr
Separation of Dissolved Gases 2.4 mtr.
Example 5.cntd.
PA PS V 2 f l
Substituting in hL 1.5
2g D
hL 2.4 10.36 1.49

2
0.04 540
2 9.81 1.5 035
hL 0.75 mtr .ANS
Example 5.cntd.
2
Discharge : Q D V
4
2

0.35 1.49
4
m3
0.143
sec
lit
8.6 103 .ANS
sec
Example 6
Power is to be transmitted hydraulically to an accumulator at a distance of 8 km by means
of number of 100 mm pipes laid horizontally, for which the coefficient of friction may be
taken as 0.03. the pressure at the accumulator is maintained constant at 6524 kN / m2.
Determine the minimum number of pipes required to ensure an efficiency of at least 92 per
cent when the power delivered is 162 kW. Also determine the maximum power that can be
transmitted in this case.
Let, Pr. Head @ Reservoir be H.
kN
Pr. Head @ Accumulator = 6524
m2

6524 103
665.04 mtr of water
9810
Example 6.cntd.
H hf
Efficiency of Transmission :
H
665.04
0.92
H
H 722.87 mtr of water
h f 722.87 665.04
57.83 mtr of water
Example 6.cntd.
L V2
Also, hf f
D 2g
57.83 0.03
8 10 3
V 2
0.1 2 9.81
m
V 0.688
sec
m3
Q AV 0.1 n 0.688 5.404 10 n
2 3

4 sec
Example 6.cntd.
Q H hf
Power Transmitted : P
1000
162

9810 5.404 10 3 n 665.04
1000
n 4.6 i .e.5 tubes .ANS
Example 6.cntd.
H 722.87
For Max. Power Transmission : h f 240.96 mtr of water
3 3
hf f
L V2
240.96 0.03
8 10 3
V 2
D 2g 0 .1 2 9.81
m
V 1.404
sec
m 3

Q 0.1 5 1.404 5.513 10
2 2
Total Discharge (5 pipes) :
4 sec
Example 6.cntd.
Q H h f opt
Max. Power Transmitted : Pmaz
1000
Pmax

9810 5.513 10 2 722.87 240.96
1000
Pmax 260.63 kW .ANS
Thank You !

SE Prod FM CH 3 Flow in Pipes Numericals

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Flow in Pipes_Numericals

Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Circuits

107.91 103 v2 53.955 v2

Velo. of Flow in larger dia. Pipe : v2

Loss due to Sudden Enlargement : hL

Loss due to Sudden Contraction : h L 0.5

Loss of Head due to Friction h

Total Head Loss : h L 0.09 0.062 0.147 0.299 mtr

9810 4.7110 3 0.171

L1 = 1800 mtr, D1 = 0.5 mtr

L2 = 1200 mtr, D2 = 0.4 mtr

L3 = 600 mtr, D3 = 0.3 mtr

A) To find L for D = 0.4 mtr :

L 1800 1200 600

L 4318 mtr .ANS

B) To find D for L = 3600 mtr :

3600 1800 1200 600

D 0.386 0.39 mtr .ANS

Bernoulli's Equation between Reservoirs A and B :

Separation of Dissolved Gases 2.4 mtr.

hL 2.4 10.36 1.49

hL 0.75 mtr .ANS

Let, Pr. Head @ Reservoir be H.

H 722.87 mtr of water

57.83 mtr of water

n 4.6 i .e.5 tubes .ANS

Pmax 260.63 kW .ANS

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