Training

Unit- IV
Training
Training is the process of increasing the
knowledge and skills of an employee for doing
a particular job.
It is an organized activity designed to create a
change in the thinking and behaviour of people
and to enable them to do their jobs in a more
efficient manner.
In industry, it implies imparting technical
knowledge, manipulative skills , problem-
solving ability and positive attitudes.
 The purpose of training is to enable the employees to get
acquainted with their present or prospective jobs and also
increase their knowledge and skills.
Training makes new employees more productive and efficient.
Need and Significance of Training
Systematic and scientific training is the cornerstone of sound
management.
In the absence of a formal training programme workers learn
by trial and error or by observing others. This process involves
a lot of time and money.
The need for formal training has increased due to rapid
technological changes which make the methods and techniques
and equipment.
Workers have to be trained for new jobs and for handling the
present jobs more effectively.
New employees must be trained properly so that may
become efficient. Existing employees have to be
trained for taking up higher level jobs.
Training is useful not only for the organization but also
for the employees.
Money spent on training is an investment in human
assets.
A skill acquired through training is an asset for both the
enterprise and the employee.
Types of Training
Training is required for several purposes. Accordingly training
may be of the following types.
1. Orientation Training
. Induction or orientation training seeks to adjust newly
appointed employees to the work environment.
. Every new employee needs to be made fully familiar
with his job, his superiors and subordinates and with
the rules and regulations of the organizations.
. Induction training creates self confidence in the
employees.
. It is also as Pre-job training. Induction training
creates self confidence in the employees.
. It also known as pre-job training. Induction training
has already been explained in detail.
2. Job Training
It refers to the training provided with a view to increase
the knowledge and skills of an employee for a particular
job.
Employees may be taught in the techniques and
machines used in a job.
Such training helps to reduce waste and inefficiency in
the performance of the job.
3.Safety Training
Training provided to minimize accidents and damage to
machinery is known as safety training.
It involves instruction in the use of safety devices and
in safety consciousness.
4. Promotional Training
It involves training of existing employees to enable
them to perform higher level jobs.
Employees with potential are selected and they are
given training before their promotion.
5.Refreshers Training
When existing techniques become obsolete due to the
development of better techniques, employees have to
be trained in the use of new methods and techniques.
Such training is designed to refresh the knowledge
and to update the skills of the employees.
Short term refresher course have become popular on
account of rapid changes in science and technology.
Methods of Training
Several methods are used to train employees at the operating
level.
The method to be used in a particular case depends on the
considerations of the number of trainees, mature of work and the
facilities available for training.
Some important methods of framing the operating employees
are described below.
1.On- the job Training
On the job training is considered to be most effective and the oldest
method of training the operating personnel. Under this method, the
worker is trained by his immediate supervisor at the workplace. On
the job training may take any one or more of the following forms.
(a) Coaching In this form , a superior teaches job knowledge and
skills to a subordinate. The worker learns by doing his job.
Thus ,training is combined with job route.
(b) Under study
Under this method the trainee is designated as the
heir apparent to his boss.
He gets training from his superior and his future is
dependent upon the fate of the boss. This method is
used when a person is to be prepared to fill the
vacancy caused by the retirement, death , promotion
or transfer of the superior.
(c) Job Rotation
It involves rotation of the trainee from one job to
another so that he gets acquainted with different jobs.
The purpose for job rotation is to broader the
knowledge and experience of the trainee.
2. Vestibule Training
Under this method, employees are trained in a special
training centre (vestibule).
A vestibule school Is a replica of the actual work
conditions of the workplace.
In the vestibule school an attempt is made to
duplicate as nearly as possible the actual conditions
of the work place.
The training is provided by qualified instructors
under carefully controlled learning conditions.
It may be called learning before doing as against the
learning by doing process of on the job training.
3. Apprenticeship Training
Apprenticeship programmes usually combines on the job
training and classroom instruction in particular subjects.
The trainees serve as apprentices and some stipend is paid
to them during the training period.
Governments of various countries have enacted laws which
makes it obligatory for employers in certain occupations to
provide apprenticeship training to young people.
In India, employers in specified industries are required
under the Apprenticeship Act ,1962 to train a certain
number of apprentices in designated trades.
Trainees are imparted knowledge and skills in doing a
particular craft or series of related job.
4.Classroom Training
Under this method theoretical instruction is provided to the trainees
through the joint efforts of employers and educational institutions.
Employers send their employees for training to the technical or
vocational training institutes.
Special courses are designed to fill the needs of the organization and
lecture method is used for instruction.
Lectures may be supplemented by group , discussions,
demonstrations, films, etc.
The main purpose of the special courses is to provide advanced
knowledge in specific areas for the effective performance of the job.
Class room training is suitable when concepts , problem-solving
ability and attitudes are to be learned or where depth of knowledge is
required. This method is also known as Internship training.