Lecture 10

Lecture 10 Design
Reinforced Beams
June 23, 2003
RC 444
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27/04/17 wood4657@gmail.com 1
Lecture Goals
Examples of Singly Reinforced
Rectangular Beam
Known section dimensions
Unknown section dimensions
Design of Doubly Reinforced Beams
Known section dimensions
Unknown section dimensions
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Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions I)
Design a singly reinforced beam, which has a

moment capacity, Mu = 250 k-ft, fc = 4.5 ksi,
and fy = 50 ksi.
Use a b = 0.55d and determine whether or not
it is sufficient space for the tension steel.
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Select a c/d ratio f c 4000 psi
1 0.85 0.05
for the tension 1000 psi
component to
dominate. Chose 4500 psi 4000
psi
0.85 0.05
c/d=0.25 1000 psi
0.825
c
k 1
d
0.825 0.25 0.20675
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Calculate Ru for the beam
k

Ru 0.85 f c k 1
2
0.85 4.5 ksi 0.20675

1
0.20675

2
0.7076 ksi
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Calculate the b d 2
M U

MN
bd
2

Ru Ru
12 in
250 k-ft
ft
0.9

4711 in 3
0.7076 ksi
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Calculate d, if b = 0.55d
3
4711 in
0.55d 4711 in d 3
3 3
20.46 in.
0.55
If b = 0.55(20.46 in.) = 11.25 in., so use b = 12 in.

and d = 20.5 in. and h = 23 in.
c 0.25d 0.25 20.5 in 5.125 in.
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Calculate As for the beam
0.85 f cb 1c
As
fy
0.85 4.5 ksi 12 in. 0.825 5.125 in.

50 ksi
3.88 in 2
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Look at a series of bars and calculate As for the
beam for a single layer.
b 2n 1 d b 2 cover d stirrup
The cover is 1.5 in. and use d = 3/8 in. stirrup.
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depth 20.5
cover 1.5 in.
stirrup 0.375 in.
single
Bar Area (in2) diameter (in) # of bars As(in2) spacing(in) h (in)
6 0.44 0.75 9 3.96 16.5 22.75

7 0.6 0.875 7 4.2 15.125 22.81
8 0.79 1 5 3.95 12.75 22.88
9 1 1.128 4 4 11.646 22.94
10 1.27 1.27 3 3.81 10.1 23.01
11 1.56 1.41 3 4.68 10.8 23.08
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Check whether or not the bars will fit into the beam.
The diameter of the #11 = 1.41 in.
2 3 1 1.41 in. 2 1.5 in. 0.375 in. 10.8 in.
So b =12 in. works for 3#11 or 3#10 or 4#9 to fit

into the beam.
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Check the height of the beam.
db
h d cover dstirrup
2
20.5 in.
1.41 in.
1.5 in. 0.375 in. 23.08 in
2
To be exact, use d = 20.5 in 0.08 in. = 20.42 in.,

but in reality use d = 20.5 in.
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Find a
a
As f y

4.68 in 2
50 ksi
0.85f cb 0.85 4.5 ksi 12.0 in.
5.10 in.
Find c a 5.10 in.

c
1 0.825
6.18 in.
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Compute
As 4.68 in 2

bd 12.0 in 20.5 in
0.019024
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Calculate min for the beam
200 200
0.004
fy 50000
min min 0.004025
3 f c 3 4500 0.004025
fy 50000

0.019024 0.004025 The beam is OK for

the minimum
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Check the strain in the steel
d c 20.5 in. 6.18 in.

t cu 0.003
c 6.18 in.
0.00695 0.005
Therefore, is 0.9
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(Unknown Dimensions
Compute the M for the beam
I)
n
a
M n As f y d
2
5.10 in.
4.68 in 50 ksi 20.5 in.
2

2
4200.6 k-in
Calculate Mu
Mu Mn
0.9 4200.6 k-in 3780.5 k-in
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Check the beam Mu = 250 k-ft*12 in/ft =3000 k-in
3780.5 3000
*100% 26.02%
3000
Over-designed the beam by 26%
c 6.18 in.
0.301
d 20.5 in.
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Check out the other bars
Error
Bar # of bars As(in2) c (in) c/d Mn (k-in) %
9 4 4.00 5.28 0.258 0.01626 3664.30 9.93

10 3 3.81 5.03 0.245 0.01549 3509.90 5.30
11 3 4.68 6.18 0.301 0.01902 4200.60 26.02
Choosing between the #9 an #10 depend on the

selection of development length, availability,etc.
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(Unknown Dimensions II)
Select a b,d and h and the reinforcement for a
24 ft. span continuous beam. The beam will
support its own dead load plus a superimposed
serve deal load of 1.25 k/ft plus uniform service
load of 2 k/ft. Design for the negative moment
of an interior beam with multiple spans (>2).
Use fc = 4 ksi, and fy = 60 ksi.
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Assume that depth of the beam to be 8 to 10
percent of the L and b = 0.5 d.
12 in.
h 0.08 24 ft 23.04 in. 23.0 in.
ft
12 in.
h 0.1 24 ft 28.8 in. 29.0 in.
ft
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Compute the weight of the beam = 0.150 k/ft3.
23 in. ft. ft.
bh 23 in. 1.84 ft 2
2 12 in 12 in
29 in. ft. ft.
bh 29 in. 2.92 ft 2
2 12 in 12 in

bh 1.84 ft 2
0.150 k/ft 3
0.276 k/ft

bh 2.92 ft 2
0.150 k/ft 3
0.438 k/ft
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Chose w = 0.438 k/ft
U 1.2 0.438 k/ft 1.25 k/ft 1.6 2.00 k/ft
5.23 k/ft
From ACI 318 02, look at 8.3.3
U L 5.23 k/ft 24 ft
2 2
MU
11 11
273.86 k-ft 3286.4 k-in
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Calculate Ru for the beam, assume a c/d =0.275
1c
k 0.85 0.275
d
0.23375
Ru 0.85 f c k 1 0.5k
0.85 4 ksi 0.23375 1 0.5 0.23375
0.7019 ksi
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Calculate the bd2
M U

MN
bd
2

Ru Ru
3286.4 k-in

0.9
5202.7 in 3
0.7019 ksi
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3
5202.7 in
0.5d 5202.7 in d 3
3 3
21.83 in.
0.5
If b = 12 in., then d = 22.5 in. and we would need

to use a single layer of steel. h=25 in.
c 0.275d 0.275 22.5 in 6.1875 in.
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Check the weight of the beam.
ft. ft.
bh 12 in. 25 in. 2.08 ft 2
12 in 12 in
bh 2.08 ft 2 0.150 k/ft 3 0.3125 k/ft
You would go back and re-compute the problem

with the new weight. Assume that the beam will
work.
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Chose w = 0.3125 k/ft
U 1.2 0.3125 k/ft 1.25 k/ft 1.6 2.00 k/ft
5.075 k/ft
U L 5.075 k/ft 24 ft
2 2
MU
11 11
265.75 k-ft 3189 k-in
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Calculate Ru for the beam, assume a c/d =0.275
1c
k 0.85 0.275
d
0.23375
Ru 0.85 f c k 1 0.5k
0.85 4 ksi 0.23375 1 0.5 0.23375
0.7019 ksi
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Calculate the bd2
M U

MN
bd
2

Ru Ru
3189 k-in

0.9
5048.1 in 3
0.7019 ksi
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3
5048.1 in
0.5d 5048.1 in d 3
3 3
21.61 in.
0.5
If b = 12 in., then d = 22.5 in. and we would need

to use a single layer of steel. h=25 in.
c 0.275d 0.275 22.5 in 6.1875 in.
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Calculate As for the beam
0.85 f cb 1c
As
fy
0.85 4 ksi 12 in. 0.85 6.1875 in.

60 ksi
3.58 in 2
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The cover is 1.5 in. and use d = 3/8 in. stirrup.
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single
Bar Area (in2) diameter (in) # of bars As (in2) spacing (in)
6 0.44 0.625 8 3.52 13.125
7 0.60 0.875 6 3.60 13.375
8 0.79 1.000 4 3.16 10.750
9 1.00 1.128 4 4.00 11.646
10 1.27 1.270 3 3.81 10.100
11 1.56 1.410 3 4.68 10.800
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Check whether or not the bars will fit into the beam.
The diameter of the #8 = 1.00 in.
2 4 1 1.00 in. 2 1.5 in. 0.375 in. 10.75 in.
So b =12 in. works.
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Check the height of the beam.
db
h d cover d stirrup
2
22.5 in.
1.00 in.
1.5 in. 0.375 in. 24.875 in
2
Use d = 22.5 in. and h = 25 in.
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Find a
a
As f y

3.16 in 2
60 ksi
0.85f cb 0.85 4 ksi 12.0 in.
4.65 in.
Find c a 4.65 in.

c
1 0.85
5.47 in.
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Check the strain in the steel
d c 22.5 in. 5.47 in.
t cu 0.003
c 5.47 in.
0.009347 0.005
c 5.47 in.
0.243
d 22.5 in.
Therefore, is 0.9
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Compute the Mn for the beam
a
M N As f y d
2
4.65 in.
3.16 in 60 ksi 22.5 in.
2

2
3825.5 k-in
Calculate Mu
MU MN
0.9 3825.5 k-in 3442.9 k-in
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Check the beam Mu =3189 k-in
3442.9 3189
*100% 7.96%
3189
Over-designed the beam by 8 %
As 3.16 in 2
0.0117
bd 12 in. 22.5 in.
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Calculate min for the beam
200 200
0.003333
fy 60000
min min 0.003333
3 f c 3 4000 0.00316
fy 60000

0.0117 0.00333 The beam is OK for

the minimum
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Doubly Reinforced
Concrete Beams
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Doubly Reinforced Beams
Design Procedure when section
dimensions are known
1 Calculate controlling value for the
design moment, Mu.
2 Calculate d, since h is known

d h 2.5 in. For one layer of reinforcement.
d h 3.5 in. For two layers of reinforcement.
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3 Estimate a c/d value, which will cause a

strain, t >0.005 and find the area As1
for a singly reinforced section. Compute
c from d
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4 Find nominal moment capacity provided
by As1
0.85 f c ba
As1
fy
a1
M f1 As1 f y d
2
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dimensions
5 Find nominal are known
moment capacity that
must be provided by the web.
Mu
M M f1

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dimensions areMknown
M u M f1

If M 0 , compression steel is not
required to resist Mu /
If M 0 , go to step 6.
Note:Use 0.9 for flexure without
axial load, which will be
dependent on the strain in the
tension steel. (ACI 318-02 Sec.
27/04/17
9.3) wood4657@yahoo.es
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6 Determine As required to resist M
(assume s y)
M
As req'd
d d f y
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7 Calculate total tension reinforcement
required.
As req'd As1 As req'd
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8 Select reinforcing bars so As(provided)
As As(reqd). Confirm that the
As(reqd) and
bars will fit within the cross section.
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9 Confirm that s y. If not go back to
step 6 and substitute fs = Es s for fy to
get correct value of As(reqd)
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10 Calculate the actual Mn for the
section dimensions and
Check
reinforcement selected.
strength, Mn Mu. (keep
overdesign within 10 % )
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11 Check whether provided is
within allowable limits.
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Lecture 10

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Lecture 10 Design

Design a singly reinforced beam, which has a

0.85 4.5 ksi 0.20675

If b = 0.55(20.46 in.) = 11.25 in., so use b = 12 in.

The cover is 1.5 in. and use d = 3/8 in. stirrup.

6 0.44 0.75 9 3.96 16.5 22.75

So b =12 in. works for 3#11 or 3#10 or 4#9 to fit

To be exact, use d = 20.5 in 0.08 in. = 20.42 in.,

Find c a 5.10 in.

0.019024 0.004025 The beam is OK for

d c 20.5 in. 6.18 in.

Over-designed the beam by 26%

9 4 4.00 5.28 0.258 0.01626 3664.30 9.93

Choosing between the #9 an #10 depend on the

If b = 12 in., then d = 22.5 in. and we would need

You would go back and re-compute the problem

If b = 12 in., then d = 22.5 in. and we would need

The cover is 1.5 in. and use d = 3/8 in. stirrup.

So b =12 in. works.

Find c a 4.65 in.

Over-designed the beam by 8 %

0.0117 0.00333 The beam is OK for

2 Calculate d, since h is known

3 Estimate a c/d value, which will cause a

As req'd As1 As req'd

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