MADHAV INSTITUTE OF TECH.

& SCIENCE
(GWALIOR)

Engg. Of LPG supply from ocean

to kitchen
SUBMITTED TO- SUBMITTED BY-
Prof. D.L. Sapra Gaurav
shakya
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM
GAS
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
describes flammable hydrocarbon
gases including propane, butane and
mixtures of these gases.LPG, liquefied
through pressurisation, comes from
naturalgas processing and oil
refining.LPG is used as heating,
cooking and auto fuel.
 LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM
GASPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
COLOUR
LIQUID PHASE
VAPOUR PHASE
ODOUR
FAINT SMELL
STENCHING
DENSITY / SPECIFIC GRAVITY
VAPOUR PHASE
1.5 - 2.0 TIMES HEAVY
SETTLES AT LOWER LEVELS
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM
GASPROPERTIES &
CHARACTERISTICS
DENSITY / SP. GRAVITY
LIQUID PHASE
0.525 TO 0.58 AT 15 DEGREE CENTIGRADE
VAPOUR PRESSURE
TWO PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
16.87 KGF / SQ. CM. AT 65 DEG. CENT.
120 PSI AT 100 DEGREE FOREN.
VOLATILITY
RAPID EVAPORATION - 1: 250
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM
GASPROPERTIES &
CHARACTERISTICS
BOILING POINT
TEMP. AT WHICH VAP. PR. EQUALS ATM. PR.
(-) 2 TO (-) 42 DEG. CENT.
MELTING OR FREEZING POINT
TEMP. AT WHICH SOLIDIFICATION OCCURS
VERY LOW I.E. LESS THAN (-) 47 DEG. CENT.
VISCOSITY
VERY LOW IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER
PETRO. PRODUCTS - 0.3 CS
REQUIRES HIGH ITEGRITY OF STORAGE &
HANDLING SYSTEM
 LPG cargo handling
Inerting
Gassing-up
Cooling-down (tanks)
Loading
Refrigiration (for LPG Carriers)
Discharging
Inerting (if changing cargo or
aerating)
Aerating (degazation)
 Inerting
By displacement method
low speed of inert gas
abt. 4 changing of tank volume
entering of IG on top or bottom of
tank (depending of specific
density)
By mixing of inert gas and gas
residues
 VENT HEADER

INERT GAS HEADER

CONDENSATE RETURN LINE

VAPOUR HEADER

LIQUID HEADER

Reliquefaction L.P.G. L.P.G.

Vaporizer Heater

Vapour Inert Gas

Compressor Generator

Air
Blower

Inerting by displacement method

liquid vapour
 VENT HEADER

INERT GAS HEADER

CONDENSATE RETURN LINE
VAPOUR HEADER
LIQUID HEADER

Reliquefaction L.P.G. L.P.G.

Vaporizer Heater

Vapour Inert Gas

Compressor Generator

Air
Blower

Inerting of cargo tanks by ship's plant

liquid vapour
 Gassing-up
For passing fm.inerted to loaded
condition
Inert gas has uncondensable gases
(Nitrogen and CO2 can not be
condensed by ships reliquefaction
plant)
problem w. reliquifaction plant
(condenser)
Venting to atmosphere or return to
 Gassing-up
Gassing-up at sea (available to fully or
semi-pressurised ships) often with
deck tanks
Gassing-up using cargo from shore
Before commencing gasing-up O2
contents must be less then 5% for
LPG-s, and for some terminals less
than 0.5%, or even less for Vinyl
Cloride
 Gassing-up
Compressors for reliquefaction can be
started after gas concentration into tank
reach at least 90%
 VENT HEADER

INERT GAS HEADER

CONDENSATE RETURN LINE

VAPOUR HEADER

LIQUID HEADER

Reliquefaction L.P.G. L.P.G.

Vaporizer Heater

Vapour Inert Gas

Compressor Generator

Air
Blower

Gassing-up cargo tanks using liquid

fm. shore liquid vapour
 VENT HEADER
INERT GAS HEADER
CONDENSATE RETURN LINE

VAPOUR HEADER

LIQUID HEADER

Reliquefaction L.P.G. L.P.G.

Vaporizer Heater

Vapour Inert Gas

Compressor Generator

Air
Blower

Gassing-up cargo tanks using vapour

fm. shore
liquid vapour
 Cooling-down
For preventing excesive pressure
during loading or transporting
Spraying cargo liquid into a tank at a
slow rate evaporation/expansion
Cooling-down rate depends of the
tanks design and size abt. 10oC per
hour
Inert gas cargo vapour mixture goes
to vent riser (atmosphere) or
reliquefaction plant (problem with
 Cooling-down
Cargo tank cooling-down reduces
temperature into hold space or interbarrier
spaces pressure drop

Pressure drop into interbarrier or hold space

should be compensated with inert gas or dry
air

During coolin-down water (moisture) or

remain inert gas could couse big problems
 VENT HEADER
INERT GAS HEADER
CONDENSATE RETURN
LINE
VAPOUR HEADER
LIQUID HEADER

Reliquefaction L.P.G. L.P.G.

Vaporizer Heater

Vapour Inert Gas

Compressor Generator

Air
Blower
Cool-down using liquid from shore:
vapour returned to shore
liquid vapour
 Loading the cargo
before

Ship / shore preloading plan

Cargo characteristics, inhibitors and inert
gas to be used
Before loading attention to be paid:
safety valves settings and h.p. alarm
settings
remotely operated valves
reliquefaction equipment
gas detection system
alarms and controls
 Loading
Vapourisation control (LPG ships):
vapour return line connected to gas
compressor
reliquefaction plant liquid return to tanks
combination of above
Vapourisation control (LNG ships):
return to shore is normal procedure (no
reliq. plant)
return by ships compressors or
compressors from shore max. loading
rate limitation
 VENT HEADER

INERT GAS HEADER

CONDENSATE RETURN LINE
VAPOUR HEADER

LIQUID HEADER

Reliquefaction L.P.G. L.P.G.

Vaporizer Heater

Vapour Inert Gas

Compressor Generator

Air
Blower

Loading with vapur return to shore

liquid vapour
 VENT HEADER
INERT GAS HEADER
CONDENSATE RETURN LINE

VAPOUR HEADER

LIQUID HEADER

Reliquefaction L.P.G. L.P.G.

Vaporizer Heater

Vapour Inert Gas

Compressor Generator

Air
Blower

Loading without vapour return

liquid vapour
 Loading fully refrigirated ships
Usually from fully refrigirated storage (jetty)
Long distance btw. shore storage and ship
and high ambient temperature can couse
tank pressure remaining problem, specially
in early stages;
loading rate must be reduced to give a
time reliq. plant for cooling down cargo
tank
loading limited quantities of liquid into
the tank via the top sprays helping
 Loading pressurised ships
Arriving at a loading terminal at
atmospheric pressure
Need vapour from shore to purge
remaining nitrogen or contaminants
from tanks equalise pressures btw.
ship and terminal
Tank and pipeline temperature must
not fall bellow design temperature
slow rate at the beginning
 Loading pressurised ships from
refrigirated storage

Tanks suitable for min. temperature btw. 0 and

5oC

Cargo should be heated (pumping through cargo

heater on board or shore)

Attention to be paid for topping of (max. 98% at

max. temperature reached during the voyage)
 Loading semi-pressurised ships
from refrigirated storage
Cargo tanks constructed of low
temperature steels able to accomodate
fully refrigirated propan (-40 and 50oC)
or for ethylene -104oC
Refrigirated cargo can be loaded without
heating
Cargo temperature can be maintained
during loaded voyage by reliq. plant if
discharged to refrigirated storage
Cargo can be heated during loaded
voyage if discharged into pressurised
 VENT HEADER
INERT GAS HEADER
CONDENSATE RETURN LINE

VAPOUR HEADER
LIQUID HEADER

Reliquefaction L.P.G. L.P.G.

Vaporizer Heater

Vapour Inert Gas

Compressor Generator

Air
Blower

Cargo refrigiration at sea

liquid vapour
 Cargo refrigiration at sea
By reliquefaction plant
Compressor should not be run during
heavy rolling
Condensate is passed through the top
sprayes cooling down the liquid surface
(the bulk of the liquid has not been cooled)
To cool down bulk of the liquid condensate
return should be through the bottom
connection of the tank to ensure proper
circulation
 Cargo refrigiration at sea

Reliquefaction plant run on more than one

tank simultaneosly carefully controled
condensate return (to avoid overfilling of
any one tank)
 VENT HEADER
INERT GAS HEADER

CONDENSATE RETURN LINE

VAPOUR HEADER

LIQUID HEADER

Reliquefaction L.P.G. L.P.G.

Vaporizer Heater

Vapour Inert Gas

Compressor Generator

Air
Blower

Discharge without vapour return

liquid vapour
 Discharging
Method depends on type of ship, cargo
specification and terminal storage;
Discharge by pressurising the vapour
space
shore vapor suply or vaporiser and
compressor on board
Discharge with or without booster pumps
discharging limited by pipeline diametar
booster pump for long distances or
higher levels
Discharge via booster pump and cargo
heater
 VENT HEADER

INERT GAS HEADER

CONDENSATE RETURN LINE
VAPOUR HEADER

LIQUID HEADER

Reliquefaction L.P.G. L.P.G.

Vaporizer Heater

Vapour Inert Gas

Compressor Generator

Air
Blower

Discharge with vapour return

liquid vapour
 After discharge
Draining tanks and pipelines
Pump discharge valve should not be
throtteled for flow control if the pump is
operating with a booster pump (can damage
pump)
Cargo must be drained from all deck lines
and cargo hoses or hard arms by
compressor (from ship to shore) or by
blowing the liquid into ships tanks using
nitrogen injected at the base or apex of the
hard arm
 VENT HEADER

INERT GAS HEADER

CONDENSATE RETURN LINE

VAPOUR HEADER

LIQUID HEADER

Reliquefaction L.P.G. L.P.G.

Vaporizer Heater

Vapour Inert Gas

Compressor Generator

Air
Blower

Aeration of cargo tanks

liquid vapour
THANK YOU