B. ARCH.

SEMESTER VIII
NAR 806,
ADVANCED
SERVICES
OBJECTIVES :
To develop an understanding of the advanced
building services and their application in the design
proposals of buildings of slight complex nature such
as multistoried.

The thrust shall be on understanding the use and

application of the services.
What are Advance Services ?
Advanced Building servicesengineering, technicalbuilding
services,architectural engineering,buildingengineering,
or facilities andservicesplanning engineering refers to the
implementation of the engineering for the internal and external
environment and environmental impact of abuilding.

Gas Installation
Automated Parking System
Mechanical Ventilation
aste Treatment & Management Integrated Building Management Syst

Control Room
What is Gas ?
Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter
(the others being solid, liquid, and plasma).
A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms
(e.g. a noble gas like neon),
elemental molecules made from one type of atom
(e.g. oxygen), or
compound molecules made from a variety of atoms
(e.g. carbon dioxide).
A gas mixture would contain a variety of pure gases
much like the air.
What distinguishes a gas from liquids and solids is
the vast separation of the individual gas particles.
This separation usually makes a colorless gas
invisible to the human observer.
LPG
Liquefied Petroleum Gas(also called Auto gas)
consists mainly of propane, propylene, butane, and
butylene in various mixtures. It is produced as a by-
product of natural gas processing and petroleum
refining. The components ofLPGare gases at normal
temperatures and pressures.
 WHAT IS BIOGAS?
Biogas is produced by processing residual waste from livestock
(dung, manure and uneaten food), food production (fruit and
vegetable waste, residues from meat, fish and dairy processing,
brewery waste, food waste and much more) and effluents from
industrial as well as municipal wastewater treatment plants. By
constructing biogas powerplants, agriculture assumes an
important contribution to supplying energy from renewable
resources as well as to the disposal of organic wastes. Digestates
are produced as a by-product of biogas manufacturing, which can
Ain combined
turn be usedheat and powerdigestate.
as high-quality plant
(CHP) with a generator transforms the
methane gas into power and heat.
Biogas is completely environmentally
friendly and CO2-neutral. The
production process only generates as
much CO2aspreviously has been
absorbed by the plants during the
photosynthesis. The ecological cycle is
complete.
Components of biogas
Schematic representation of methane (CH4)
Biogas is produced by the anaerobic digestion of organic
materials in a sealed fermenter. This fermenter transforms
organic materials into biogas by using methane-producing
bacteriathrough a biologically complex process at approximately
38 - 55 degrees Celsius. More than half of the resulting gas is
methane (CH4); the rest is carbon dioxide (CO2).
The need for biogas
Biogas is already known forseveral hundred years. Methane was
detected in marsh gases around 1750. The first continuous fermentation
processes were realized after 1900. In the beginning of the 1970s, biogas
was relevant again in Europe due to the sharp rise in energy costs (oil
crisis). Since 1980, the ecological assessment and presentation and thus
the awareness of people have resulted in a major boost for biogas.

Biogas, i.e. the fermentation of organic wastes, is a way to solve

environmental problems:

Greenhouse effect
Destruction of the ozone layer
Phasing out of nuclear energy
Limited duration of use of traditional fossil fuels
 5 COMMON GASSES USED IN HOSPITALS
1. Medical Air
Medical Airrefers toa clean supply of compressedair used in hospitals and
healthcare facilities to distribute medical gas.It is free of
contaminationand particles, has no oil or odors, and is dry to prevent
water buildup in your facilityspipeline.

When a patient is in the operating room, whether its an emergency or not,

a surgeon relies on a medical air compressor to keep thepatient
comfortable and breathing.
Medical air sources shall be connected to the medical air distribution
system only and shall be used only for air in the application of human
2. Oxygen
respiration and calibration of medical devices for respiratory application.
Oxygenis a medical gas required in every healthcare setting, and is used
for resuscitation and inhalation therapy. It wasintroducedinthe early
1900s. You can use it for medical conditions such asCOPD, cyanosis,
shock, severe hemorrhage, carbon monoxide poisoning, trauma,
cardiovascular and respiratory arrest, resuscitation, and life support.
3. Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide is used for insufflating medical gas for less
invasive surgeries likelaparoscopy, arthroscopy, endoscopy,
andcryotherapy,as well as forrespiratory stimulation during
andafter anesthesia.CO2 may be piped in large hospitals, but
more likely comes from atank.
4. Nitrogen (Medical Liquid Nitrogen)
Nitrogenis a medical gas used for cryosurgeryremoval of some cancers
andskin lesions, and also forthe storage of tissues, cells, and blood
in cryogenic temperaturesto avoid oxidation of the samples.
It can also be used as part of the medical gas mixture for lung function
tests. The pharmaceutical industry uses this medical gasin the
manufacture of medications.
Nitrogen as a gas is used to power tools in places where they do not have
instrument air. Most of the time it comes from a manifold of cylinders and
is piped at pressure with an alarm system at the source and on the use
site.
Liquid nitrogen is a couple hundred degrees below zero and freezes tissue
on contact. So it could be used in a procedure room (to take off warts, etc)
or to freeze tissue samples, but it usually would not be in an OR.. Plus,it
comes in gigantically insulated pressurized bottles so it does not
evaporate.
5. Nitrous Oxide
Nitrous Oxide is a medical gas commonly known as laughing gas and
dentists began using it as an analgesic in 1812. Since then, this medical
gas is used in numerous surgical procedures as both an anesthetic and
analgesic.

There are certain times when this medical gas is contraindicated and
patients undergoing those types of procedures are provided with a
medical gas warning wristband that alerts your facilitys staff not to
administer it.