UNIVERSIDAD AUTNOMA DEL

CARMEN
Dependencia Acadmica de Ciencias Qumicas y Petrolera
Ingeniera Petrolera

Materia: Terminacin de Pozos

Profesor: I.P. Mario Humberto Gmez Meja

Tema: Anlisis Nodal

Presentan:
Isaas Canche Canche
Marco Antonio Alonso Martnez

A 17 de Marzo del 2017

 ABSTRACT
Models for hot-water or steam injection into a fractured shale or diatomite reservoir are developed from existing
analytic models of energy transport and counter-current imbibition.

Radial convective heat flow through a horizontal fracture system is modeled with conductive heat flow into the low
permeability matrix. The flow geometry approximates hot fluid injection into a five-spot pattern. Recovery
mechanisms accounted for in the models include capillary imbibition and thermal expansion. Temperature dependence
of viscosity and interfacial tension are included in the imbibition estimate. Laboratory data is needed to quantify the
magnitude of the imbibition mechanism, which is usually the primary contributor to oil recovery. Data representative
of either the Belridge Diatomite or the Antelope Shale, two giant fractured oil reservoirs, are used for the model
forecasts.

The steamflood model has been partially validated against a large-scale project in the Belridge Diatomite. Using
public-domain information, a reasonable match was obtained between the model and field project over a four-year
injection period. Comparison to conventional thermal simulation was also performed and indicated reasonable
agreement with the steamflood analytical model.
 The models have been used to determine the key factors determining the success of thermal recovery in
fractured, low-permeability reservoirs. Steam injection is shown to be superior to hot water injection in
heating the matrix. Key factors enhancing recovery include: reduced fracture spacing, increased matrix
permeability and increased injection temperature. Model results indicate that steamflood recoveries in
excess of 40% of the original oil-in-place (OOIP) may be achieved by injection in both diatomite and
shales containing light oils. Application to diatomites containing heavy oil also shows good performance.
Successful application in diatomite reservoirs is forecast to be possible in the current low oil price
environment. Economic application in fractured shales, would require a higher oil price because of the
higher well costs and lower oil content relative to diatomite projects.

Because of the significant volumes of remaining oil in place in both the diatomite and shale reservoirs,
application of thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR) to these resources represents the logical next step in
steamflood development.
FIELD UBICATION

The South Belridge field is located in an

active tectonic setting between Los Angeles
and San Francisco, in the San Joaquin Valley,
the southern portion of the Central Valley of
California, western United States. The field is
100 mi (161 km) north of Los Angeles and 40
mi (64 km) west of Bakers f ield (Figure 1).
South Belridge field is 12 mi (19 km)
northeast of the basin-bounding San Andreas
wrench fault zone, a prominent and
important geologic feature.
 Antelope Shale Reservoir
The Antelope Shale is a geologic formation in the san Joaquin Valley of central California, United States
GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION