The infectious

HIV
By: Jaleah C. Price
HIV is a virus that causes infection and AIDS

The idea that HIV is AIDS is

inconstant
AIDS is the progression of
the infection of HIV
HIV weakens the immune
system
AIDS is a syndrome causing
fatal harm

Have been infected Progression of HIV to

by HIV development of AIDS
 HIV Epidemic Originated in Kinashasa
Believed it first flourished in the Democratic Republic of
Congo in 1920

Started in Chimpanzee species and crossed into the

human species

Is not clear how many were infected with hIV or AIDS

Present epidemic started in the 1970s

By 1980s affected North and South America, Europe,

AFrica and Australia

100,000 - 300,000 people were infected

 The contraction of AIDS stirred in the
1980s
In the United States it was first reported of AIDS through individuals who
identified as gay

Continues reports from gay males occurred

As follows cases of females contracting the disease occurred

Following June, 1983 the first report of AIDS in children

Was thought was contracted through sexual contact or via casual contact, food,
water, air and surfaces

AIDS cases in the US rose 3,0064, 1292 had died by the end of 1983
 People living with HIV/AIDS have more
options
The first antiretroviral drug, zidovudine (AZT),
was approved for HIV treatment - 1987

1995 the Highly active antiretroviral treatment

(HAART) declined 60% and 80% cases of
AIDS-related deaths and hospitalisation
By the end of 1996 23 million people lived with
HIV

The Combivir tablet was approved as a

combination of two antiretroviral drugs for HIV
 People living with HIV/AIDS have more
options
2006 male circumcision made way to reduce the
risk of female-to-male HIV transmission

The 2010 CAPRISA 004 microbicide trial was

successful in reducing risk of HIV infection in
women by 40%.

In 2011, results from the HPTN 052 trial -

antiretroviral treatment - cut 96% transmission
in couples that had one infected partner
 LAV & HTLV-III causes AIDS
May 1983 was reported a new retrovirus - Lymphadenopathy=Associated Virus
(LAV) - caused AIDS

The National Cancer institute reported the HTLV-III retrovirus caused the
disease

Discovered that LAV and HTLV-III were identical closing that they for sure did
cause AIDS

1986, LAV + HTLV-III official virus officially HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
You really won't know if you have been infected

It takes a few weeks for HIV symptoms to occur

HIV viruses attaches to a CD4 host cells

CD4 cells are destroyed leaving the immune system vulnerable
Flu-like symptoms occur
Then leads to AIDS and extreme weight loss
 Pneumonia is the cause of death
Most people who die from AIDS don't
actually die from the virus

People die from vulnerability of

contracting other viruses

HIV CD4 cells destroyed

weakened immune system AIDS
opportunistic infections Death

Something as simple as the flu or a cold or

pneumonia can be the cause of death
A virus is an agent that dominates its hosts
An infectious agent containing
DNA or RNA that invades
living hosts and uses their
machinery to stay alive and
replicate itself
 HIV is a retrovirus
Single stranded RNA inserts into host cell
Inserted RNA conversion to DNA and
dominates host cell
Specifically classed as lentivirus
 HIV attacks CD4 cells specifically
CD4 cells are glycoproteins found on Helper
T-cells
facilitate recognition of antigens for the
Helper T-cell
influence immune response
Healthy CD4 count range 500-1,600
cells/mm^3
HIV range 200 cells/mm^3
Its machinery is manipulated to secrete new
HIV viruses
 HIV destoys the health of the Immune
System
Immune system specializes in seeking out and
destroying disease causing organisms

CD4 is crucial in the health of humans immune

systems

HIV destroys CD4 cells

Casual virus infections (Pneumonia) thrives and

overwhelms the body
 HAART treats HIV

HIghly active antiretroviral therapy

Reduces the rate of virus multiplication

Has 3 parts : Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase

inhibitors, Non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase
inhibitors, and Protease inhibitors.
 HAART in 3
Parts

Non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase &

Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors Protease inhibitor
Resources

"CD4 Count." AIDS.gov. .S. Department of Health & Human Services a, 14 July 2016. Web. 09 Apr. 2017.

"History of HIV and AIDS Overview." AVERT. N.p., 12 Jan. 2017. Web. 09 Apr. 2017.

"The HIV Life Cycle | Understanding HIV/AIDS | AIDSinfo." National Institutes of Health. U.S. Department of

Health and Human Services, 9 Apr. 2017. Web. 09 Apr. 2017.

Lifson, J. D., and E. G. Engleman. "Role of CD4 in Normal Immunity and HIV Infection." Immunological Reviews.

U.S. National Library of Medicine, June 1989. Web. 09 Apr. 2017.