Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
ANTISEPTICS
ARJO SURJANTO
SCHOOL OF NURSERY
BANDUNG POLYTECHNIC OF HEALTH
INTRODUCTION (1)
Antiseptics and disinfectants are fundamentally different to
active systemic chemotherapeutics. Almost all of this group are
toxic, while other chemotherapeutics have selective (or less)
toxicity almost all of antiseptics and disinfectants could
eradicate of germ population on nonliving objects, even so
applied to human body topically.
Disinfectants define as agents that eradicate microorganism on
nonliving matters
Antiseptics define as agents that inhibit germ on the surface of
living tissue either in vitro or in vivo
Antibacterial action of antiseptics or disinfectants very depend
to concentration, temperature and time. Lower concentration
could stimulate bacteria growth, higher concentration inhibit
microorganism, and more higher would killing certain
microorganism
Antiseptics and disinfectants are difficult evaluated. Methods
of evaluation are debatable. Even more, ideally, disinfectant
had to kill microorganism on a high dilution, not to damage
tissues or nonliving matters, cheap, stable, colorless, odorless,
rapid action. There are not matters passed all points above.
INTRODUCTION (2)
Mercury
Mercury ion should precipitating protein and sulfhydril
enzyme. Microorganism inactivated by mercury could
reactive by thiol (sulfhydril compound). Antiseptic
mercury inhibit sulfhydril enzyme in tissue and bacteria
too mercury preparate is very toxic orally.
Mercury bichloride NF (1:100) could applied as
disinfectant either instrument or whole skin
Organic mercury is less toxic than inorganic salt and
more antibactericide. Nitromersol USP, thymerosal USP
(Merthiolate) and phenyl mercury acetate or nitrate
should marketed in various liquid or solid as
bacteriostatic antiseptic
HEAVY METAL (2)
Silver
Silver ion precipitate protein and disturb essential metabolic activity of microbe
cell. Inorganic silver salt in solution is strong bactericide. Silver nitrate 1 : 1000
attack a lot of microorganism immediately contact
Silver nitrate solution USP contain 1% silver salt, should dropped on neonatal
eye as a prophylaxis of gonococcus opthalmia. It cause cojunctivitis when over
acidity to prohibit : nowadays antibiotic ointment applied. Other inorganic
silver salt is rarely applied because of its irritation on tissue.
Compress solution of silver nitrate 5% usually applied on burning wound. It
would decreasing of infection, increasing velocity of eschar formation, and
decrease og death rate. Since silver nitrate should reduced to nitrite by bacteria
on burning wound methemoglobinemia formed.
Silver sulphadiazine cream has a several benefit and less of sickness than
maphenite acetic on burning wound medication. It slow release of either silver
nitrate or sulphadiazine to decrease effectively flora of microbe in burning
wound.
Silver colloidal preparate is more less damage on superficial tissue and has
significant anti bacterial. Mild silver protein contains about 20% of silver and
could applied as mucose membrane antiseptics. Long duration of silver
application cause argiria.
Other metal
Zink sulphate and copper sulphate have a significant anti bacterial, but seldom
applied in medicines
SOAP
Soap is anionic matter which active in surface, usually
sodium or potassium of vary fatty acid. It is variety on
composition depend on specific fatty or oil and certain base
from which it made. Since NaOH or KOH are strong base,
while fatty acid is weak acid when it solute in water
strong base condition (pH 8,0 - 6,5) skin irritant. Special
soap (like Neutrogena) applied triethanol amine as base,
when it solute pH almost 7. Although a lot of soap is well
tolerate excess application causes dry skin. Addition of
perfume synthetic causes irritate or sensitization of skin.
A lot of usual soap could lost dirtiness also on skin surface
secretion, desquamation epithelia, and its bacteria
contained
Phisical action like washing hand with usual soap is
enough effective to lost bacteria and microorganism
contaminated our skin surface
Sometimes several chemical is added (hexachlorofen,
phenol, carbanilide etc.)
PHENOL AND ITS RELATED
COMPOUNDS
Phenol causes denaturation of protein. Phenol is
first antiseptic that applied as spray by Lister
(1867) on his surgery. Concentration of 1 2%
is needed for antimicrobe activity, while
concentration of 5% could irritate tissue
Other derivate of phenol like: resorcinol, thymol,
and hexylresorcinol is used to antiseptic in past
time. Several chlorinated phenol is preferred
PRESENTATION
Benzalkonium (Zephiran) Nitrofurazon (Furazin)
Topical : concentrate 17%, solution Topical : sol, ointment dan cream 10%
15% and sol 1 : 750 Oxychlorocen natrium (Clorpactin)
Chlorhexidin gluconate (Hibiclens, Topical : 2,5 g flour for irigation sol,
Hibistat) drops or cleansing
Topical : cleansing 2,4% Povidon iodium (Betadin)
Hexachlorophen (pHisiHex, Topical; sol, aerosol, ointment
Septisol) Silver protein (Argyrol 10% Sol)
Topical : liquid of 3% Topical : Sol 10%
Iodium aquaeus (Lugols solution) Thymerosal (Merthiolate, Mersol)
Topical : 2 5% water solution Topical : 1 : 1000 tincture and solution
Iodium tincture
Topical : 2 - 5% solution
Merbromin (Mercurochrome)
Topical : sol 2%