Welding

Welding is widely used in fabricating machine parts or other structures that

formerly would have been formed by casting or forging. Structural steel frames for
buildings, ships, and
other structures are often welded.

Welding symbols on a mechanical drawing provide precise instructions for the

welder. The weld type and the location of each weld must be clearly defined
using standardized symbols. CAD libraries of welding symbols can simplify the
drawing process. Welding
templates can speed the process of drawing by hand.
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 WeldingProcesses
Arc welding (SMAW, Shielded Metal Arc Welding, GMAW Gas Metal Arc Welding, plus
others)
Resistance welding (RSW, Resistance Spot Welding, and others)
Gas welding (OFW, Oxy Fuel Welding)

RSW

GMAW

OFW
An automobile frame is welded on a robotic
automobile assembly line. (Courtesy of Vladimir
Pcholkin/Stone/Getty images.)
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 UNDERSTANDINGAWELDING
SYMBOL
A welding symbol added to the drawing has many different features that
specify
each detail of the weld. The items that can be specified are:
Type of weld
Process
Depth of bevel, size, or strength
for
some weld types
Groove weld size
Finishing designator
Contour
Groove angle
Root opening
Length of weld
Number and pitch (center to
center
spacing) of welds
Whether the weld is to be field
welded (done on site)
All-around indicator
Which side of the material is to be
welded

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 WELDEDJOINTS
A number of different types of welds are
applicable to each type of joint, depending on
the thickness of metal, the strength of joint
required, and other considerations.
Butt joint

Lap joint

T-joint

Edge joint
Corner joint

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 BasicWeldsandSymbols

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 WELDINGSYMBOLS
The basic element of the symbol is the bent arrow The arrow points to
the joint where the weld is to be made Attached to the reference line, or
shank, of the arrow is the weld symbol for the desired weld.

The weld symbol is placed below the reference line if the weld
is to be on the arrow side of the joint, or above the reference
line if the weld is to be on the other side of the joint. If the
weld is to be on both the arrow side and the other side of the
joint, weld symbols are placed on both sides of the reference
line.

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 SupplementarySymbols

Fullypenetrate Abackstraporbacking
plateisplacedontothe
backofthejoint
Endtheweldatthestarting
point,orALLTHEWAY Finalcontourshouldbeflush
Consumableinsertismeltedinto
AROUND (possiblybygrindingor
thefinalweldment
machining)
Weldatthefinalconstruction
site(Notintheshop) Finalcontourshouldbeconcave
(possiblybygrindingormachining)

Finalcontourshouldbe
Convex(possiblyby
grindingormachining)

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 TheWeldingSymbolTail
Reference to a specification, process, or other supplementary
information is indicated by any desired symbol in the tail of the
arrow. Otherwise, a general note may be placed in the tail. If no
reference is indicated in the symbol, the tail may be omitted.

UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED,

MAKE ALL WELDS PER
SPECIFICATION NO.XXX

Resistance Spot Weld and an Electron Beam Weld

are called out in the Tail of the Welding Symbols.

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 FILLETWELDS
The size of the weld is the length of one leg, For fillet welds on both
sides of a joint, the dimensions should be indicated on both sides of the
reference line, whether the dimensions are identical or different.

.5 Leg lengths
Dimensioning of Fillet Welds

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 FilletWeldLengthandPitch

TWO inch length of weld, with a FIVE

inch
pitch (center-to-center). The .25
represents the weld leg length.

THREE inch length of weld, with a

TEN inch pitch (center-to-center).
The .25 represents the weld leg
length.

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 SurfaceContourandFilletWelds

Filletweldwitha Filletweldwitha
FlushFinish ConvexFinishby
Machining
Filletweldwitha Filletweldwitha
FlushFinishby FlushFinishby
Grinding Chipping
Filletweldwitha
FlushFinishby
Machining
KEY:
C= chipping
G = grinding
M=
machining
R = rolling
H=
hammering
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