Mata kuliah : J0084 / Introduction to Management

and Business
Tahun : 2007
Versi :1/3

Pertemuan 09 (Ninth Meeting)

Leadership

Halaman 1
 Learning Outcome

Student should be able to implement style

of leadership that appropriate with the
situation within the organization -> C3

Halaman 2
 Learning Outline

Who Are Leaders and What Is Leadership

Early Leadership Theories
Contingency Theories of Leadership
Contemporary Views on Leadership
Leadership Issues in the Twenty-First Century

Halaman 3
1. What Are Leaders

Leader is someone who can

influence others and who
has managerial authority

Halaman 4
What is Leadership
Leadership is what leaders
do, more specifically, its
process of influencing a
group to achieve goals

Are Managers
leaders?

Halaman 5
2. Early Leadership Theories
a. Trait Theories

1) Drive
2) Desire to lead
3) Honesty and integrity
4) Self-confidence
5) Intelligence
6) Job-relevant knowledge
7) Extraversion

Halaman 6
b. Behavioral Theories
University of Iowa 1) Democratic style
2) Autocratic style
3) Laissez-faire style
Ohio State University 1) Consideration
2) Initiating structure

University of Michigan 1) Employee oriented

2) Production oriented

Managerial Grid 1) Concern for people

2) Concern for
production
Halaman 7
 The Managerial Grid
Country Club
Management Tim
9 1,9
Concern for People 9,9 Management
8
7
6
Middle of
5 5,5 the Road
4 Management
3
2
1 1,1 9,1 Task
Impoverished 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Management
Management
Concern for Production
Halaman 8
3. Contingency Theories of Leadership
a. The Fiedler Model
Developed least preferred co-worker
(LPC)
Questionnaire contained 18 pairs of
contrasting adjectives

Three contingency dimensions:

1) Leader member relations: good or poor
2) Task structure : high or low
3) Position power : strong or weak

Halaman 9
There are eight possible
situations as follows:

Situation I, II, and III: were very

favorable for the leader

Situation IV, V, and VI: were

moderately favorable for the leader

Situation VII and VIII: were

unfavorable for the leader

Halaman 10
b. Hersey and Blanchards Situational
Leadership Theory
Four specific leaderships style:
Telling (high task-low relationship)
R1: People are both unable and unwilling
Selling (high task-high relationship)
R2: People are unable but willing
Participating (low task-high relationship)
R3: People are able but unwilling
Delegating (low task-low relationship)
R4: People are both able and willing
Halaman 11
Halaman 12
c. Leader Participation Model
Five specific leaderships
style:
1) Decide
2) Consult Individually
3) Consult Group
4) Facilitate
5) Delegate

Halaman 13
d. Path-Goal Model Environmental
Contingency Factors
Task Structure
Formal Authority System
Work Group
Leader Behavior
Directive Outcomes
Supportive Performance
Participative Satisfaction
Achievement Oriented
Subordinate
Contingency Factors
Locus of control
Experience
Perceived Ability
Halaman 14
4. Contemporary Views on Leadership

a. Transformational-Transactional Leadership
1) Transactional Leadership
2) Transformational Leadership

b. Charismatic-Visionary Leadership
1) Charismatic Leadership
2) Visionary Leadership

c. Team Leadership

Halaman 15
Specific Team Leadership Roles

Liaison with
Coach External
Constituencies

Conflict Team Leader

Troubleshooter
Manager Roles

Halaman 16
5. Leadership Issues in the Twenty-first Century
Five sources of
1) Managing power leader power

a) Legitimate power
b) Coercive power
c) Reward power
d) Expert power
e) Referent power

Halaman 17
2) Developing Trust Five dimensions that
make up the concept
of trust

a) Integrity
b) Competence

c) Consistency
d) Loyalty

e) Openness

Halaman 18
3) Providing Ethical Leadership

4) Empowering Employees

5) Cross-Cultural Leadership

6) Gender Differences and Leadership

7) The Demise of Celebrity Leadership

8) Substitute for Leadership

Halaman 19