Reactive power compensation

DONE BY : ADVISOR
YOUNES AKAKBA JAROSLAW MAKAL

2016/2017
 Introduction

Electrical energy is mainly distributed to users in the form of alternating current through high, medium and

low voltage networks.

The energy consumed is composed of an "active" part, transformed into heat or movement, and a

transformed "reactive" part to create the electromagnetic field to ensure the functioning of the electrical

machines

The user benefits only from the energy input of the "active" part; The "reactive" part can not be eliminated,

but must be compensated by appropriate devices.

 What is reactive power

Reactive Powercan best be described as the quantity of unused power that is

developed by reactive components, such as inductors or capacitors in an AC circuit or
system. In a DC circuit, the product of volts x amps gives the power consumed in watts
by the circuit.
 power definition
Active Power (P)

it is the useful power that is doing the actual work . t is measured

in W and calculated as P =V*I*COS

Reactive power

it is a consequence of n AC system . Reactive power is used to

build up magnetic fields measured in VAR and calculated as
Q= V *I *SIN

Apparent power S

Or total power is the combination of active and reactive power

measured in VA and calculated S= V*I

Power factor (cos)

it is measurement of the efficiency in a system it describes the

relationship between active and reactive power
Disadvantages of the presence of reactive power

The increase in the intensity resulting from the presence of reactive power has the following consequences:

Increased voltage drop in cables

Increased Joule losses in cables

Superior Invoice

Oversize installations

Premature wear of equipment

How to compensate reactive energy?

Compensating reactive energy means providing this energy instead of the distribution network by
installing capacitors which are the source of reactive power Qc.

Qc= Q1-Q2
Qc= -C*W*V
How do I compensate?

Reactive compensation can be performed at any point of an installation.

Each method it will be installed will follow a different strategy to get the power factor improvement.

Individuel compensation Group compensation Centralized global compensation

 Why is it necessary to correct the power factor?

Reactive power compensation is essential for the correct technical and economic management of an electrical system
in MV. The benefits are:

Technical optimization

Supports voltage control throughout the transport and distribution system

Discharge of power lines and power transformers

Reduced System Loss Level

Economic Optimization

Reduction of the cost of reactive energy billable (increase according to country and tariff)

Reducing the economic costs hidden by the Joule effect on transmission lines

Allows a better ratio (kW / kVA) of use of the installations.

Reference

http://www.sma.de/en/partners/knowledgebase/sma-shif
ts-the-phase.html
http://www.engineering.schneider

http://scholarcommons.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1027&context=elec_senior