GEOGRAPHY

Definition
Geographia = earth description
Longsmans description and explanation of the
worlds landscapes and a scientific description of
inhabited landscapes and their description over the
globe
Scientific study of the physical features of the Earth
5 themes of Geography

1. Location
2. Place
3. Region
4. Human-environment interaction
5. Movement
1. LOCATION
Absolute location - determined by the
intersection of the line of latitude and longitude.
The system of identifying location is called the
grid system
Relative location determined by identifying
the location of a person or place in relation to
the things or places around it.
2. Place
Places are keys to understanding
how people interact with the world
around them. Geographers usually
identify a place by its human or
physical characteristics.
2. Place
Physical characteristics
- Refer to the natural Human characteristics
environment of a place
- Involve ideas, behavior
such as land, water,
and culture of people
vegetation, climate and
such as livelihood
natural resources.
3. Relationships within Places or Human-
Environment Interaction

The relationships between people and their

natural environments are important to
geographers. People adapt to their
environments, but they also change their
environments to suit their needs.
4. Region
Refers to a part of the Earth that has similar features
Each region is bounded by more than one similarity
in the physical, political, economic and cultural
aspects
Ex: Asia-Pacific
5. Movement
Answers the question Why and how are
places related to one another?
Discusses how the movement of humans, ideas,
things and other physical systems such as air,
affect human interaction in different places
5.b. 3 kinds of distance by which movement
is examined

1. Linear distance how far?

2. Distance of time how long is the
travel?
3. Psychological distance the distance
perceived by humans
Branches of Geography
1. Physical Geography
The study of the different physical features and processes of the Earth
like the movement of air and water

2. Human Geography
The branch of geography that deals with how humans live in their
physical and cultural environment
This includes language, religion, economy, government and other
aspects of human life like population distribution and city formation
BASIC CONCEPTS OF GEOGRAPHY
Spatial Aerial
Localization
interaction differentiation

Significance of Concept of
Regions
Scale change

Environment Sustainability
PROCESS OF GEOGRAPHY
A sequence of actions, natural and/or cultural, that shape and
change environments, places and societies.

Examples of geographic processes

1. Erosion
2. Migration
3. Desertification
4. Globalization
PATTERNS OF GEOGRAPHY

1. Spatial
Arrangement of features on the earths surface

2. Temporal
How characteristics differ over time in a
recognizable way
 ORIGINS OF THE WORLD 2 THEORIES
1. CREATIONISM the belief that the whole universe was created
by a powerful being
.Hindus earth created by Brahma and preserved by Vishnu
.Christians book of Genesis God created everything in 6 days
.Muslims Allah created the sky and earth in 6 days
2. SCIENTIFIC THEORY focuses on the evolution of the Earth
which is said to have formed around 4.6 billion years ago
 OTHER SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATIONS

THEORY DESCRIPTION

PLANETISIMAL THEORY Viktor Safronov Planets were made up of a mixture of dust in

the universe.

NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS Immanuel Kant Planets came from a nebula, large clouds of
(Germany) and Pierre Laplace of France gas and dust that collapsed due to the
conflicting forces of gravity and gas.

SOLAR DISRUPTION THEORY The planets formed as a result of the

accumulation of debris from the collision
between the sun and another start.

BIG BANG THEORY Georges Lemaitre Space and all the things in the universe came
(Belgium) and Edwin Hubble (US) from a singularity, a compact and hot infinite
space that eventually became wider, colder and
less dense.
 18 Regions in the Philippines
as of March 31, 2017
LUZON VISAYAS
1. Ilocos Region 6. Western Visayas
2. Cagayan Valley 7. Central Visayas
3. Central Luzon 8. Eastern Visayas
4A. Calabarzon 18. Negros Island Region (NIR)
4B to 17. Mimaropa - 2015
5. Bicol Region
13. National Capital Region
(NCR)
14. Cordillera Administrative
Region (CAR)

MINDANAO
9. Zamboanga Peninsula
10. Northern Mindanao
11. Davao Region
12. Soccsksargen
16. Caraga
15. Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)