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Properties of Liquid
Liquid Pressure
Buoyancy and Archimedes Principle
Pascals Law
Capillary Action and Surface Tension
Phases of Matter
The three common phases of matter are solid,
liquid,
and gas.
A solid has a definite shape and size.
A liquid has a fixed volume but can be any shape.
A gas can be any shape and also can be easily
compressed.
Liquids and gases both flow, and are called
fluids.
Phase Changes
P = gh A
proof: Imagine a box under water with
the top at the surface. The pressure at the
bottom is greater because of the weight of m water h
all the water above it:
P = F / A = (m water g) / A
= (m water g h) / (A h) A
= (m water g h) / V water = water g h
Because of the air on top of the water, P = PA + g h, where PA is the
air pressure at sea level, but PA is often negligible when h is large.
Example Problem
Problem: Wanda watches the fish tank and notices that the
angel fish like to feed at the waters surface, while the catfish
feed 0.300m below at the bottom of the tank. If the average
density of the water in the tank is 1000. kg/m3 ,
what is the pressure on the catfish?
Problem: Wanda watches the fish tank and notices that the
angel fish like to feed at the waters surface, while the catfish
feed 0.300m below at the bottom of the tank. If the average
density of the water in the tank is 1000. kg/m3 , what is the
pressure on the catfish?
Given:
Unknown: P=?
Pa = 1.01 x105 Pa
Original equation: P= Pa + pgh
p = 1000.kg/m3
g= 10.0 m/s2
h = 0.300 m
Problem: Wanda watches the fish tank and notices
that the angel fish like to feed at the waters surface,
while the catfish feed 0.300m below at the bottom of
the tank.
Solve: P= PaIf+pgh
the average density of the water in the
tank P=
is 1000.
(1.01x105Pa), what
kg/m 3
is the pressure
+ (1000.kg/m 3 on 2the
) (10.0m/s ) (0.300m)
catfish?
P = 1.01x105 Pa + 3.00x103 Pa
P = 1.04 x 105 Pa
Pressure Depends on Depth, not Shape
All these containers are the same height. Therefore, the
pressure at the bottom of each is the same. The shape
matters not
Note: Were talking about the pressure inside the fluid, not the
pressures exerted by the containers on the table, which would greater
for a cylinder than a cone of the same height & base.
Pascals Principle
P = F1 = F2
A1 A2
Find = F1
2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE
0.030m
Cubes volume:
0.030m x 0.020m x 0.020m =
0.000012m3
Unknown : Fb = ?
Original equation: Fb = DgV
Problem:
Palmer drops an ice cube into his glass of water. The
ice, whose density is 917 kg/m3, has dimensions of
0.030m x 0.020m x 0.020m, as shown in the diagram.
What is the buoyant force acting in the ice?
Solve: Fb = Dice gV
= (917kg/m3)( 10.0m/s2)(0.000012m3)
= 0.11 N
Surface Tension and Capillarity