The teacher as a

promoter of Peace in
the workplace and in
the community
 Irenology
- Formal study of peace.
Irenologist
- Experts in the formal study of peace which
include the peace makers, peace-keepers,
peace-negotiators, and peace advocates.
 Centeno (2001) defined peace as a state of quiet or tranquility;
freedom from violence. It is a state of reconciliation after shift
or enmity, friendly relations, agreement and control
Violence can be categorized into two types;
Direct violence
- Is a form of violence where there is straight physical infliction
of pain to personal and institutional well-being through the use
of voice.
Indirect Violence
- Is a form of violence where circuitous manifestation of
aggression, cruelty, and other forms of demeaning behavior that
generally affect the very essence of human life.
 Centeno (2001) identified two
distinctions of peace as negative
or positive.
Negative Peace Is the absence of organized
violence between such major human group as nations
or between racial and ethnic groups because of the
magnitude that can be reached by internal war.
Positive Peace Is a state of cooperation and
integration between major human groups. It is a
state where there is cooperation interspersed with
occasional out-break of violence.
 Peace has various levels;
1.Personal
- Personal Peace is regarded as the innermost core in the
various levels of peace relationships. Boyd 1998 cited that
personal or peace of mind may be known by its effect on the
subjective or inner life.
2. Social
- Also called as interpersonal peace, which includes social
relationships that promote and shape peace. As each
individual lives and touches others lives, he or she springs in
the families, in the communities, in the nation, and in the
world.
3. National
- When there is peace within the community, it spreads all
over the nation, then obviously there is national peace.
According to Sedico 2000 in his write up the meaning of
peace, he stated that national peace pertains to the
serenity of the nation.
4. International
- This level of peace is otherwise known as global peace.
According to the Global Campaign for Peace, peace can
never be achieved by simple solutions alone but an
establishment of a culture of peace where all citizens of
the world possess the following ;
Understanding global Problems
- People ought to know and understand global
problems more especially their causes and effects
on our lives.
Acquiring skills in resolving
- In resolving conflict, we must try knowing others
standards and not just focused on our own. Learn
to understand others regardless of gender and
race. Knowledge of human rights must be
intensified more especially in the grass root level.
Knowing and living by international
standards of human rights, gender, and
racial equality
- Learn to understand others regardless of
gender and race. Knowledge of human rights
must be intensified more especially in the
grass root level.
Appreciating cultural Diversity
- Understanding and learning to appreciate
other cultures create a formidable culture
Respecting the integrity of the Earth
- In order to have peace, the earth should be
taken care of. The Hague Appeal for peace
said that the goal of the global campaign for
peace is to ensure that all education system
throughout the world would educate for a
culture of peace not to exclude
environmental concern.
5. Transcendental
Otherwise known as Peace between
Humans and Beyond. It is said that peace
can never be achieve by peaceful self alone.
Peace can be very ideal if we have a
potential relation between humans, the
earth, and beyond.