FLUID DYNAMICS

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP

 OVERVIEW

Positive Displacement Pump

Reciprocatin Blow Rotary

g Cover

Piston/ Diaphrag
Plunger m Single Multiple Fluid
Rotor Rotor Ring

- Vane - Gear
- Piston - Lobe
- Circumferential
- Flexible Piston
Member
- Screw
- Screw
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP
Generally used for specialize
applications such as viscous liquids or
liquids that contain suspended or
fragile solids. Operates by forcing a
fixed volume of fluid from the inlet
pressure section of the pump into the
discharge zone of the pump.
 OPERATING
CHARACTERISTICS
CAPACITY PROPORTIONAL TO SPEED
PRESSURE HEAD DEVELOPMENT IS INDEPENDENT OF PUMP
SPEED
POWER REQUIREMENTS VARY DIRECTLY WITH PRESSURE HEAD
SELF-PRIMING
ABILITY TO HANDLE FLUIDS CONTAINING ENTRAINED GASES OR
VAPORS
PUMP IN EITHER DIRECTION OF ROTATION
GOOD SUCTION CAPABILITY
ACCURATE PROPORTIONING
POWER REQUIREMENTS
Advantages Disadvantages
Gives high pressure at the High wear and tear, so requires
outlet. a lot maintenance

Gives highsuction lift. The flow is not uniform, so we

have to fit a bottle at both
ends.

Priming is not required in this The flow is very less and cannot
pump. be used for high flow
operations.
Advantages Disadvantages
Ideal for application where Principally a source of
a constant flow is needed pressure fluctuation.

Create medium to high Higher Maintenance Cost

pressure and often
excellent way to pump oils
and other viscous fluids.

Needed for low flow and More complicated design

high pressure combination

Some type are inherently Large number of wear

self priming and several parts than centrifugal
types are seal less pumps

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 Piston /
Plunger
Diaphrag
m
Single
Double Acting
Acting Double Simplex
Acting
Multiplex
Simplex
Simplex Duplex
Triplex
Duplex Fluid
Multiplex
Operated
Mechanical
Steam Power Operated
 RECIPROCATING
PUMPS
HIGH PRESSURE IS THE MAIN CHARACTERS OF
THIS PUMP AND THIS HIGH PRESSURE OUTPUT
ARE BEING USED IN PLACES LIKE STARTING OF
THE ENGINE OR YOU CAN SAY THE BUILDING OF
PRESSURE IN THE FLUIDS BUT THERE ARE USED
IN LIMITED APPLICATION BECAUSE THEY REQUIRE
LOTS OF MAINTENANCE.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

THE PISTON HAS THE FUNCTION OF PROVIDING

THE SUCTION FORCE, SO THAT THE LIQUID CAN
BE LIFTED UP OR CAN BE SUCKED IN WITH GREAT
FORCE. AFTER THAT COMES THE COMPRESSION
PART WHICH WILL IMPART THE
REQUIREDPRESSURE ENERGYTO THE FLUIDS.
IN THIS PART OF THE PHASE THE PISTON HAS TO
DO A GREAT WORK SO THAT THE LIQUID CAN BE
COMPRESSED PROPERLY AND ITS PRESSURE CAN
INCREASE TO THE DESIRED LEVEL.
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 PISTON
OPERATION OF THE PISTON PUMP IS BASED
ON THE RECIPROCATING MOVEMENT OF A
PISTON THROUGH A CYLINDER WHERE THE
INLET AND THE OUTLET FLOW ARE
CONTROLLED BY ONE WAY VALVE
MECHANISM. THEY GENERATE THE LARGEST
PUMP PRESSURES AND OPERATE AT
DIFFERENT SPEEDS AS PER DESIGN. THE
EFFICIENCY OF THE PISTON PUMPS IS AS
HIGH AS 90%, AND THE EFFECTIVE LIFETIME
OF THE PUMPS ARE LONGER.
 PLUNGER

PLUNGER PUMPS SHARE THE SAME

OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF THE PISTON
PUMPS BUT USE A PLUNGER INSTEAD OF
A PISTON IN THE CYLINDER CAVITY.
HOWEVER, THE PLUNGER PUMPS CAN
PROVIDE HIGHER PRESSURE CONDITIONS
THAN THE PISTON PUMPS RANGING UP TO
200MPA.
 APPLICATION OF PLUNGER PUMP

ONE OF THE MOST PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR THIS

TYPE OF PUMP IS FOR METERING, PROPORTIONING OR
DOSING ACQUARETLY CONTROLLED VOLUMES OF
CHEMICALS OR ADDITIVES IN THE PROCESS.
ANOTHER IMPORTANT TYPE OF PLUNGER PUMP IS
DESIGNED FOR USE IN SLURRY HANDLING, FILTER PRESS
FEED AND SIMILAR HEAVY DUTY APPLICATIONS.

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SINGLE ACTING TYPE WHICH MEANS IT
CAN SUCK FROM ONE SIDE AND
TRANSMIT TO THE SAME SIDE ONLY.
DOUBLE RECIPROCATING PUMP TOO
WHICH HAVE THE FUNCTION OF THE
GIVING SUCTION AND DISCHARGE
SIMULTANEOUSLY IN EACH STROKE.

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 DIAPHRAGM

ADIAPHRAGM PUMP(ALSO KNOWN AS AMEMBRANE

PUMP) IS APOSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPTHAT
USES A COMBINATION OF THE RECIPROCATING
ACTION OF ARUBBER,THERMOPLASTICORTEFLON
DIAPHRAGMAND SUITABLE VALVES ON EITHER SIDE
OF THE DIAPHRAGM (CHECK VALVE, BUTTERFLY
VALVES, FLAP VALVES, OR ANY OTHER FORM OF
SHUT-OFF VALVES) TO PUMP AFLUID.
DIAPHRAGM

SINGLE
ACTING
DOUBLE BAC
 ROTARY PUMPS

PROVIDE PUMPING ACTION BY THE RELATIVE MOVEMENT

BETWEEN ROTATING ELEMENTS OF THE PUMP AND
STATIONARY ELEMENTS OF PUMP. THEIR ROTARY
MOTION DISTINGUISHES THEM FROM RECIPROCATING
PUMP.
PRIMARILY USED AS A SOURCE OF FLUID POWER IN
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS.

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K
 VANE
PUMP

THE ECCENTRICITY OF THE ROTOR FORMS A PARTIAL

VACUUM ON THE SUCTION SIDE INDUCING FLOW,
WHICH IS TRANSFERRED TO THE DELIVERY SIDE OF
THE PUMP WHERE THE EFFECT OF THE ECCENTRICITY
IS TO FORCE THE PRODUCT INTO THE DELIVERY LINE. BAC
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 FLEXIBLE IMPELLER
PUMP

THE SQUEEZING AND THE OPENING OF THE IMPELLER

BLADES THUS CREATE VACUUM AT THE SUCTION SIDE
TO INDUCE FLUID, AND AT THE DELIVERY SIDE TO
EXPEL THE FLUID.
AVAILABLE FOR FLOW UP TO 30m3/h BUT WITH
PRESSURES OF 200 TO 250KPa AND TEMP IS LIMITEDBAC
TO 100C
 SCREW PUMP

SCREW PUMPS CARRY FLUID IN THE SPACES BETWEEN

THE SCREW THREADS. THE FLUID IS DISPLACED AXIALLY
AS THE SCREWS MESH.
SINGLE SCREW PUMPS ARE COMMONLY CALLED
PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMPS. THEY HAVE A ROTOR
WITH EXTERNAL THREADS AND A STATOR WITH
INTERNAL THREADS. THE ROTOR THREADS ARE
ECCENTRIC TO THE AXIS OF ROTATION.
CAPACITIES UP TO 250m3/h WITH THE PRESSURES UP TO
8 MPa ARE AVAILABLE; TEMP UP TO 180C CAN ALSO BE
ACCOMMODATED.
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PISTON PUMP

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 GEAR PUMP

AS THE GEAR TURN, FLUID IS TRAPPED BETWEEN THE

GEAR CAVITY AND CASING, AND TRANSPORTED AROUND
THE OUTSIDE OF THE CASING TO THE DELIVERY WHERE
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IT IS DISCHARGE.
 LOBE PUMP

FLUID IS CARRIED BETWEEN THE ROTOR TEETH AND THE PUMPING

CHAMBER. THE ROTOR SURFACES CREATE CONTINUOUS SEALING. BOTH
GEARS ARE DRIVEN AND ARE SYNCHRONIZED BY TIMING GEARS.
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ROTORS INCLUDE BI-WING, TRI-LOBE, AND MULTI-LOBE CONFIGURATIONS.
 CIRCUMFERENTIAL PISTON PUMP

FLUID IS CARRIED FROM INLET TO OUTLET IN SPACES

BETWEEN PISTON SURFACES. ROTORS MUST BE TIMED
BY SEPARATE MEANS, AND EACH ROTOR MAY HAVE ONE
OR MORE PISTON ELEMENTS.

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