Fire Precautions During Building

Construction Design, Works & Use

Wubishet Jekale Mengesha (Dr. Eng.)

May, 2017
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 Fire Code
Presentation Layout

ES 13: 2016
Fire Code
General Bases

Escape Details

Detection Fighting

Services

Management
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 a l
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Co i
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F e
Fiv
Scope
Purpose
References
Definitions & Interpretations
Safety Signs & Graphical Symbols

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 Fire Code: General
Scope

.
Fire Precautions

Design Services Works Uses

Fire Safety Detection, Alarm & Control Fire Fighting

Bases: Considerations

FDRE Vision to reach Middle Fire Precautions Enforceability &

Income by 2025 Practicability (Min. Requirements)
Contexts & Wide Variations of Cities Preventive Focus + Mixed approach
in FDRE to Prescriptive & Performance Based
Building Laws, Regulation & Mandatory Nature Requirements
Directives Administration by Experienced &
MoUDaC Framework Agreement Certified Engineer
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 Fire Code: General
General: Purpose

Providing Minimum Requirements to:

Developers
Designers
Contractors
Professionals
Regulatory Bodies
During Construction Design Services, Works & Uses

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 Fire Code: General
General: References

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 Fire Code: General
General: Definitions & Interpretations
Definitions provided in the Ethiopian Building Proclamation
(Proclamation No. 624/2009), Regulations (Regulations No.
691/2010) and Directives (MoUDC, 2012) of the FDRE.
Definitions provided in ES ISO 8421-1:2002, ES 1425:2005, ES ISO
13943:2005, ES 1492:2005, ES1494:2005, ES 3081:2006, ES
3083:2006 and ES 3084:2006.
Interpretations: General, Words, Gender, Values & Diagrams

General: Fire Safety Signs & Graphic Symbols

Fire Safety Signs & Graphical Symbols shall be as provided in ES ISO
6309:2002 Fire protection Safety signs and ES ISO 6790:2002
Equipment for fire protection and firefighting Graphical symbols
for fire protection plans Specification.
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 es
B as
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F i r e n B
v
Se Scope
Fire Safety & Fire Fighting
Fire Classification
Fire Resistance Rating
Fire Occupancy Load
Relationships with Laws
Key Stakeholders Duties & Responsibilities

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 Fire Code: Bases
Scope

Fire Elements, its development and extinguishing methods;

Fire Safety Measures and Planning Requirements;
Fire Classifications, Resistance, Grading and Rating;
Fire Precautions Information to key stakeholders;
Relationship between Fire Code with related FDRE Statutory
Provisions and Ethiopian standards; and
Fire Code Principles and Application.

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 Fire Code: Bases
Fire Safety and Fire Fighting

Fire Elements: Tetrahedron of Fire

Chemical
Oxygen
Combustible Sufficient to Chain Reaction
Materials, Hydrogen Ignite Uninhibited
Liquid & Gases Other Unbroken
Supporters
Fuel Heat

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 Fire Code: Bases
Fire Safety and Fire Fighting

Fire Extinction Methods

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 Fire Code: Bases
Fire Classifications

Combustible & Building Occupancy &

Flammable Materials Functions

Fire
Classifications
Building Hazard Building
Levels Components

Construction
Types

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 Fire Code: Bases
Fire Resistance Rating

Separating Elements
Division Areas
b/n Different
Within Building
Occupancies

Fire Resistance
Rating

Different Classes of Fire Fighting

Constructions Provisions

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 Fire Code: Bases
Others
Fire Occupancy Load =
{(Floor Space Permanent Features)/(Available Floor Space per
Person or Density Factor)}
Relationships with Laws
Annex A: Laws to be complied when conflicting with this Code
Annex B: Fire Code Priority over the Laws
Obligatory Nature of This Code

Key Stakeholders Duties & Responsibilities

General, Regulatory Bodies, Developers / Clients, Designers /
Supervisors, Contractors, Users / Occupiers

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Escape from Fire

Planning Building Sites & Site Planning
Planning within Buildings

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 Fire Code: Fire Safety
Scope: Escape From Fire

Means of Exit /
Fire Containment
Egress

Escape from
Planning Fire
Building Site & Planning Within
Site Planning Building
Evacuation
Considerations

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 Fire Code: Fire Safety
Planning Building Sites & Site Planning

Emergency Open Space

Vehicular Access within the Site

Planning Building
Site & Site Planning

Accessibility for Fire

Fighting

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 Fire Code: Fire Safety
Planning Within Building

General Exit Arrangement of Exits

Requirements &Travel Distance

Planning Building
Site & Site Planning
Escape Routes:
Capacity of Exits
Simultaneous, Staff
(Number & Widths
Alarm, Vertical &
Exit Facilities: Doorways & of Exits)
Horizontal Phased
Openings, Passageways,
Stairways & Lifts, Ramps,
Refuge Areas, Roof Exits
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 a ils
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Walls
Beams, Columns, Brackets & Floors
Stairs & Lifts
Chimneys
Basements

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 Fire Code: Fire Safety
Walls

Load Bearing Non Load

Walls Bearing Walls

Walls Thickness /
Size, Type & Fire
Enclosing Rating Non Enclosing
Walls Walls
Bracing
Walls

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 Fire Code: Fire Safety
Beams, Columns, Brackets & Floors

Plastering Min Dimension &

Types & Covers Concrete Cover

Beams, Columns,
Materials: RC, Brackets & Floors
Prestressed, Buckling /
Timber Bending Stress
Fire Resistance
Rating

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 Fire Code: Fire Safety
Staircases & Lifts

Numbers with Exit Travel

Heights & / or Areas Distance

Stair Case &

Lifts Lifts Motor Room,
Vent Provisions
to Lifts Landing, Doors &
Requirements
Fire Resitance
Rating

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 Fire Code: Fire Safety
Chimneys

Clearance from
Chimney
Combustible
Material
Element

Chimeneys
Height above Building
the Roof Occupancy

Fire Resistance
Rating

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 Fire Code: Fire Safety
Basements

Ventilation,
Single or Multiple
Lighting, Air Inlets
Levels
& Smoke Outlets

Basements
Enclosed Stair Common Inlet
Cases Ducts & Separate
Smoke Outlets
Fire Resistance
Rating

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Gas & Electrical Systems

Heating, Air Conditioning & Ventilation System
Incinerators
Installation Rooms

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 Fire Code: Ancillary Services
Gas & Electric Services

Siting of Gas &

Electrical Services
Periodically Use of Separate
Tested & Ducts & Metal
Inspected Conduits
Gas & Electrical
Services
Emergency
Visible & Escape
Controlling Valves,
Lighting
Termination & Fire Resistance Provisions
Breaks Rating

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 Fire Code: Ancillary Services
Heating, Air Conditioning & Ventilation Systems

Siting of HVAC
Systems
Periodically Fire Detectors,
Tested & Smoke Control &
Inspected Fire Dumpers
Heating,
Ventilation & Air
Conditioning

Shafts & Pipes & Cables

Ventilation Ducts Fire Resistance Provisions
Rating

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 Fire Code: Ancillary Services
Incinerators & Installation Rooms
Incinerators
Incinerators other than Sanitary incinerators require
special Considerations.

Installation Rooms
Boiler, Fuel Storage, Electric Control, Lift Machine,
Flammable or Toxic material storage, Battery charging,
etc. Rooms
Siting of Installation Rooms near Exits
Imperforate Sills & Drainage Provisions with Interceptors
Ventilated without affecting Fire Resistance Rating
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Fire Detection Systems

Heat & Smoke Control
Fire Alarm System

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 Fire Code: Fire Detection
Fire Detection Systems
Detection, Alerting, Reaction, Evacuation & Fire Extinguishing
Time
Types, Numbers & Selections of Heat, Smoke, Flame & Fire
Detection System
Fixed Temperature & Rate of Riser Heat Detectors
Ionization & Optical Smoke Detectors
Infra-Red, Ultra-Violet & Combined Radiation Flame Detectors
Multi-Sensor & Combined Fire Detectors
Smoke & Heat Control System
Smoke Resistive Construction, Compartmentation, Smoke
Venting, Stairwell Pressurization & Smoke Control Equipment
Heat Control System: Fire Safety (Chapter 3 & 4).

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 Fire Code: Fire Detection
Fire Alarm System
General Requirements:
Zoning if more than 20 Fire Alarms are used
Control Centre for High Hazard Levels
Sound Type, Minimum Alarm Sound Level & Time Span
Supplementary Smoke Alarm Requirements
Manual Fire Alarm & Emergency Voice Alarm Requirements
Testing Electric Systems Periodically
Periodically Tested & Inspected
Fire Alarm System for Different Occupancies

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 m s
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Fig
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Fir le m
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Fire Fighting Types

Fire Extinguishing Types
Fire Extinguisher Equipment
Prohibited Fire Extinguishing Equipment
Recommended Fire Fighting System for Fire Classifications
Applications, Inspections, Testing & Usage Requirements

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 Fire Code: Fire Fighting
Fire Fighting Systems
.
Fire Extinguishing
Types
Fire Fighting Fire Extinguishing
Types Equipment
Heating,
Ventilation & Air
Conditioning
Fire Fighting Vs
Prohibited Fire
Fire
Fighting Equipment Applications,
Classifications
Testing & Usage
Requirements
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 tem
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Fire Safety Management System

Fire Fighting Management System

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 Fire Code: Management System
Fire Safety Management System
.
Fire Safety
Life Safety
Accessible Ensuring Means
Staircase / of Escape
Means of Egress
Heating,
Ventilation & Air
Conditioning
Fire Detection & Treat Special
Alarm + Minimizing Fire Risk
Smoke Hazards Regular Buildings
Inspection
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 Fire Code: Management System
Fire Fighting Management System
.
Emergency Plan

Evacuation
Fire Drill Procedures
Heating,
Ventilation & Air
Conditioning

Rescue Tools

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