RESISTANCE IN SERIES AND

PARALLEL
OBJECTIVES
What is Circuit?
What is Electric Circuit?
Resistance in Series
Voltage division technique
Resistance in Parallel
Current division technique
Comparison
Application
 WHAT IS CIRCUIT?

Theword "circuit" comes from the

Latin word for circle

A circuit is a closed path followed by

an electric current
WHAT IS ELECTRIC CIRCUIT?
A basic electric circuit is an arrangement
of physical components which utilize
voltage, current, and resistance to perform
some useful function.

Type of arrangement of physical

components:
Series circuit
Parallel circuit
Series and Parallel (combinational) circuit
RESISTANCE IN SERIES
The circuit in which resistance are
connected end to end so that there is one
path to the current flow is called series
circuit.
 RESISTANCE IN SERIES

Current is
constant
Why?
Only one path for the
current to take

V I R
RESISTANCE IN SERIES

In terms of conductance

1/GT = 1/G1 + 1/G2 + 1/G3

RESISTANCE IN SERIES

Total resistance in a series circuit is the sum of

all the resistor values
Power in series resistance
I2RT= I2 R1 + I2R2
Total power in series circuit is the sum
of power consumed by individual
resistance
VOLTAGE DIVISION TECHNIQUE
The equivalent resistance of any number of
resistors connected in a series is the sum of the
individual resistances
N
Req R1 R2 R N Rn
n 1

By ohms Law
I=V/RT
V1=IR1, V2=IR2,..Vn=IRn
V1=(V/RT) R1,
Voltage across any resistance in the series circuit,
=V (Rx / RT)
RESISTANCE IN PARALLEL
Parallel: Two or more elements are in parallel if they are
connected to the same two nodes and consequently
have the same voltage across them.
There will be as many paths for current flow as the
number of resistances
 RESISTANCE IN PARALLEL

V V1 V2 V3
I I1 I 2 I 3 I1 I 23
where I 23 I 2 I 3
V I R
1 1 1 1
Voltage is
constant R R1 R2 R3
There are 3 closed loops
in the circuit
RESISTANCE IN PARALLEL

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
let so
R R1 R2 R3 R 23 R2 R3 R R1 R23
1 1 1 1
and R R123 I I1 I 2 I 3
R123 R1 R23 R
1 I I I
V I R I1 I 2 I 3 1 2 3
1 1 1 1 1 1

R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3
TOTAL PARALLEL RESISTANCE: RT
The inverse of the total resistance of the
circuit (also called effective resistance)
is equal to the sum of the inverses of the
individual resistances.
TOTAL CONDUCTANCE: GT
For parallel elements, the total
conductance is the sum of the
individual conductance values
GT G1 G2 G3 ... GN

Power in Parallel resistance

V2/ RT= V2 / R1 + V2 / R2 + V2/ R3
The total power consumed in a parallel
circuit is equal to the sum of power
consumed by individual resistance.
VOLTAGE ACROSS PARALLEL
ELEMENT
The voltage across parallel element is the
same.

V=10v V=10v V=10v

10 Vdc R1 R2 R3
20 k 30 k 60 k
Vs
 CURRENT DIVIDER RULE
Total resistance
1 / RT= 1 / R1 + 1 / R2
= ( R2 + R1 ) / ( R1 R2 )
RT = (R1 R2) / ( R2 + R1 )
In parallel circuit,
current in one resistor
Branch Currents is the total current
V=I RT = I ( (R1 R2) / ( R2 + R1 )) times the opposite
I1 = V/R1 resistance divided by
the sum of two
= I ( R2 / ( R2 + R1 )) resistance
I2= V/R2 General formula
= I ( R1 / ( R2 + R1 ))
I Gx
Ix = __________

n
x 1
Gx
 COMPARISON OF SERIES AND PARALLEL
Series Circuit
Current is same
Voltage across all
elements depends on
resistance
Voltage drops,
resistances and Powers
are additive
Applied Voltage = sum of
different voltage drops
Parallel Circuit
Voltage is same
Current in all
elements depends on
resistance
Total resistance is
always less than the
smallest of resistance
Powers, conductance
and branch currents
are additive in nature
If N equal resistance
are connected in
parallel then
COMPARISON OF SERIES AND PARALLEL
Disadvantage of Advantage of
Series Connection parallel connection
Break in one point Appliances rated for
affects the entire same voltage but
circuit different power can
Not practicable for be connected in
lighting circuits parallel
Devices with Break in any one
different current branch does not
rating cannot be affects other
connected in series
APPLICATIONS OF SERIES CIRCUIT

LED SERIES LIGHTING(DECORATION

LIGHTS).
APPLICATIONS OF PARALLEL
CIRCUIT
Toll Way
Car Electric Diagram

Home Wiring design

PUZZLES
If POSTED is coded as DETSOP, how will be
word SPEED be decoded?
DETSOP is POSTED backwards so SPEED
would be DEEPS.
Introducing a man, a woman said, His wife is
the only daughter of my father. How is that man
related to woman?
A: Her husband.
READING
DISCUSSION
MIND MAP
Only one
path for the Electric circuit GT G1 G2 G3 ... GN
current to
take Parallel
Series circuit
circuit

Current in
The circuit in Two or more
Any
which resistance elements are in
resistance in
are connected parallel if they
the series
end to end are connected to
circuit,
the same two
=I (ROPP / RT)
Voltage across nodes
any resistance
in the series
circuit,
Disadvantage ADVANTAGES
=V (Rx / RT)
Break in one point -- Appliances rated for same
affects the entire circuit voltage but different
power can be connected
Not practicable for
in parallel
lighting circuits ---Break in any one branch
Devices with different does not affects other
current rating cannot be APPLICATIONS
connected in series -- Toll Way, Car Electric 23
Diagram
SUMMARY
A circuit is a closed path followed by an electric current
A basic electric circuit is an arrangement of physical components which utilize
voltage, current, and resistance to perform some useful function.
Series circuit
Parallel circuit
Series and Parallel (combinational) circuit
Series Circuit
Current is same
Voltage across all elements depends on resistance
Voltage drops, resistances and Powers are additive
Applied Voltage = sum of different voltage drop
Power in series resistance, I2RT= I2 R1 + I2R2
Parallel Circuit
Voltage is same
Current in all elements depends on resistance
Total resistance is always less than the smallest of resistance
Powers, conductance and branch currents are additive in nature
If N equal resistance are connected in parallel then
Power in Parallel resistance
V2/ RT= V2 / R1 + V2 / R2 + V2/ R3
Disadvantage of Series Connection
Break in one point affects the entire circuit
Not practicable for lighting circuits
Devices with different current rating cannot be connected in series
Advantage of parallel connection
Appliances rated for same voltage but different power can be connected in
parallel
Break in any one branch does not affects other
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

.
1. Which of the following statement is true for both series as well as
parallel circuit?
A. Resistances are additive
B. Powers are additive
C. currents are additive
D. voltage drops are additive
2. Which of the following quantity is the same in all parts of a series
circuit?
A. voltage
B. power
C. current
D. resistance
.
3. What happens to total resistance in a parallel circuit with
resistors if one of them opens?
A. It increases.
B. It halves.
C. It remains the same.
D. It decreases.
4. Power is defined as:
A. the rate at which work is done
B. work
C. the conversion of energy
D. joules
 If a lamp has resistance of 120 when it operates at
100 W, what is the applied voltage?
a. 110 V
b. 120 V
c. 125 V P = V*I = V2/R = I2*R
d. 220 V

100 = V2 /120

V = sqrt(120*100) = 11*10 = 110

THANK YOU