PHYLUM

CONIFEROPHYTA
 CONIFEROPHYTA

Kingdom Plantae Plants

Subkingdom Tracheobionta Vascular plants
Superdivision Spermatophyta Seed plants
Division Coniferophyta Conifers
made up of mostly evergreen trees and shrubs
have either needles or scale-like leaves.
They bear cones instead of fruits, and their seeds do not have a shell-like outer
coating like flowering plants.
Plants from the Coniferophyta Division include pines, cedars, hemlocks, cypress,
juniper, larches, firs, spruces, and yews.
 REPRODUCTIVE
CHARACTERISTIC
Dioecious or monecious plants
Pollen (microgametophyes) is produced in microsporangiate stobili (pollen
cones) made up of sporophylls where the pollen sacs (microsporangia) are
borne on the lower surface.
wind-pollinated
Sperm are not flagellated and are carried directly to the egg by means of a
pollen tube.
ovules are borne in complex or secondarily reduced megasporangiate stobili
(seed cones) consisting of seed scales bearing ovules.
PHYLUM
ANGIOSPERMATOPHYTA
 ANGIOSPERMATOPHYTA

Divided into 2 classes: Class Monocotyledonae and Class Dicotyledonae

Angiosperm ( flowering plant)
Big trees or plant: haploid sporophyte
Haploid gametophyte: small & not living
Most advanced vascular plant: xylem (vessel element & tracheids)
: phloem (companion cells & sieve tube)
 Dicotyledonae: Monocotyledonae:
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Zea Mays
CLASS MONOCOTYLEDONAE CLASS MONOCOTYLEDONAE
one primordial leaf in seed. two primordial leaves in seed.

division of labour in seed is complete division of labour in seed is not complete

endosperm endosperm (may be absent; if present, for the

(for the storage of starch) storage of starch)

cotyledon cotyledons (store starch; hydrolysed starch;

(for the transport of nutrient) transport sugars)

aleurone layer aleurone layer (absent)

(for the hydrolysis of stored starch)

Parenchyma in the center of the root xylem vessels in the center of the root

Vascular bundles scattering in ground

Vascular bundles arranging concentrically in stem
parenchyma in stem

Leaves always vertically arranged Leaves always arranging dorsiventrally

 REPRODUCTION

Reproductive struc: flower

Heterosporous: produce 2 type of spores (embroyo sacs & pollen grains)
Wind, animals & insect pollination
Fertilisation is syphonogamous
Double fertilisation