OTC000005 OTN Introduction ISSUE1.00

OTN Introduction
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Foreword
This course will introduce OTN, includes:
Optical transport hierarchy (OTH) , interface structure,
overhead
Maintenance signals, function for different layers
Alarm and Performance events
Some common application scenarios of OTN.
Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page1
About This Course
This Course is based on
ITU-T G.709
ITU-T G.805
ITU-T G.806
ITU-T G.798
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe OTN frame structure, maintenance signals and
function for different layers
Outline alarm and performance events generation mechanism
Analyze the alarm and performance events and locate the

failures in OTN
Contents
1. Optical transport hierarchy
2. OTN interface structure
3. Multiplexing/mapping principles and bit rates
4. Overhead description
5. Maintenance signals and function for different layers
6. Alarm and performance events
7. Typical Scenarios of OTN
OTN
OTNOptical Transport Network
An Optical Transport Network (OTN) is composed of a set of
Optical Network Elements connected by optical fiber links, able
to provide functionality of transport, multiplexing, routing,
management, supervision and survivability of client signals,
according to the requirements given in Rec. G.872
Features of OTN
Compared with SDH and SONET
Ultra capacity with high accuracy, Terabit/second per fiber via
DWDM lines
Service transparency for client signals
Asynchronous mapping, powerful FEC function, predigest
network design and reduce the cost
Compared with traditional WDM

Enhanced OAM & networking functionality for all services
Dynamically electrical/optical layer grooming
OTN system
OTN
Jitter Equipment Structure Physic

management Network
and function and and layer Architectur
protection
wander features mapping feature e
s
G.874 G.8251 G.873.1 G.798 G.709 G.959.1 G.872
G.874.1 G.8201 G.873.2 G.806 G.7041 G.693 G.8080
G.7042 G.694
Contents
OTN network layers and interface structure
OPUk: Optical channel Payload IP/MPLS ATM Ethernet STM-N
Unit-k
ODUk: Optical channel Data Unit-k
OPUk
OTUk: completely standardized
ODUkODUkPODUkT
Optical channel Transport Unit-k
OTUkV: functionally standardized OTUk OTUkV OTUk OTUkV
Optical channel Transport Unit-k OCh OChr
OCh: Optical Channel with full OMSn
functionality OPSn
OTSn
OChr: Optical Channel with
reduced functionality OTM-n.m OTM-0.m
OMS: Optical Multiplex Section OTM-nr.m
OTS: Optical Transmission Section
OPS: Optical Physical Section
OTM: Optical Transport Module
OTM-n.m Containment Relationships
Clinet signal
OPUk OH
ln
OPUk payload
OTM-n. m
ODU OH OPUk
k
OTUk[V] OH ODUk FEC l2
l1
OCh OChOH OCh payload
l OSC
OCCo
OCCo
OCCo
OCG-n.m OCCp OCCp OCCp

Non-associated OH
OTM Overhead Signal (OOS)

OMU-n.m
comms OH
OMSn OH
OTM-n.m OTSn OH
OOS
n represents the maximum number of wavelengths that can be supported at the lowest bit rate
supported on the wavelength, m=1,2,3,12,23,123
OTS_OH, OMS_OH, OCh_OH and COMMS OH information fields are contained within the OOS
OSCOptical Supervisory Channel used to transmit OOS
OTM-nr.m Containment Relationships
Client signal
l16
OPUk OH OPUk payload
OTM-16r.m
ODUk OH OPUk
l2
OTUk[V] OH ODUk FEC l1
OChr OCh payload
OCG-nr.m OCCp OCCp OCCp
OTM-nr.m
Fixed channel spacing, irrespective of signal level
1<n16, m=1,2,3,12,23,123
Without optical supervisory channel
OTM-0.m Containment Relationships
Client signal
OTM-0.m
OPUk OH OPUk payload
ODUk OH OPUk
OTUk[V] OH ODUk FEC
OChr OCh payload
OTM-0.m OPS0
The OTM 0.m supports a non coloured optical channel on a single optical span
with 3R regeneration at each end.
m=1,2,3
Without optical supervisory channel
Contents
OTM multiplexing and mapping structure
OTM-0.m
i
OCCr 1 OChr
1
1 i+j+k n
j 1
OTM-nr.m OCG-nr.m OCCr OChr Client signal
k 1 1 1
OTU3[V] ODU3 OPU3
1 1 16
OCCr OChr ODTUG3
1 4
Client signal
1 1
OTU2[V] ODU2 OPU2
Client signal
1 1
1 ODTUG2
OCC OCh
i 4 1
1 i+j+k n OTU1[V] 1 ODU1 OPU1
j 1 1
OTM-n.m OCG-n.m OCC OCh
k
1 1
OCC OCh
1
1
Multiplexing
OSC OOS OTS, OMS, OCh, COMMS
Mapping
Types and capacity
Types nominal bit rate bit rate tolerance
OTU1 2 666 057.143 kbit/s
OTU2 10 709 225.316 kbit/s
OTU3 43 018 413.559 kbit/s
ODU1 2 498 775.126 kbit/s
ODU2 10 037 273.924 kbit/s 20 ppm
ODU3 40 319 218.983 kbit/s
OPU1 2 488 320 kbit/s
OPU2 9 995 276.962 kbit/s
OPU3 40 150 519.322 kbit/s
ODUkTDM
Low rate ODUk signals are multiplexed into high rate ODUk
signals using time-division multiplexing :
Up to 4 ODU1 signals are multiplexed into an ODU2 using
time-division multiplexing
A mixture of j (j 4) ODU2 and 16-4j ODU1 signals can be

multiplexed into an ODU3 using time-division multiplexing.
ODU1 into ODU2 multiplexing method
ODU1floats in of the OPU2 payload area.
An ODU1 frame will cross multiple ODU2 frame boundaries.
Alignm
OPU1 OH
ODU1 Client layer signal
ODU1OH (e.g., STM-16, ATM, GFP)
x4
OPU1 OH
OPU2 OH
OPU1 OH
OPU1 OH
Alignm Client Layer Signal
OPU1 OH
Client Layer
(e.g. Signal
STM-16)
ODU2 ODU1 OH
ODU1 OH Client
Client
Layer
(e.g.
layer
Signal
STM-16)
signal
ODU2 OH ODU1 OH
ODU1 OH
(e.g. STM-16)
(e.g., STM-16, ATM, GFP)
OTU2
Alignm
OPU1 OH
OH
OPU1 OH
OPU2 OH
OPU1 OH
Client Layer Signal

OTU2 Alignm OTU2
OPU1 OH
ODU1 OH Client Layer Signal

(e.g. STM-16)
ODU1 OH OPU2Client
Payload
Client Layer
(e.g.
layer
Signal
STM-16)
signal FEC
ODU2 OH ODU1 OH
ODU1 OH
(e.g. STM-16)
(e.g., STM-16, ATM, GFP)
Contents
OTN frame formats (k=1,2,3)
4080
3824
3825
14
15
16
17
1
8
7
OTUk
1 Alignm Client signal
OH
OPUk OH
2 mapped in
OTUK
OPUkk payload
OPU payload
3 ODUk FEC
OH
4
Client signal
OPUk - Optical Channel Payload Unit
ODUk Optical Channel Data Unit k:
1 2.5G
OTUk Optical Channel Transport Unit
2 10G
Alignment 3 40G
OTN electrical overhead overview
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
1 FAS MFAS SM GCC0 RES RES JC
TCM
2 RES ACT TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 FTFL RES JC
3 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 PM EXP RES JC
4 GCC1 GCC2 APS/PCC RES PSI NJO
ODUk OH Alignment OH
TCMACT: Tandem Connection Monitoring FAS: Frame Alignment Signal
Activation/deactivation control channel MFAS: MultiFrame Alignment Signal
TCMi:Tandem Connection Monitoring i OTUk OH
FTFL:Fault Type & Fault Location reporting SM: Section Monitoring
channel GCC0:General Communication Channel0
PM: Path Monitoring RES: Reserved for future international
EXP:Experimental standardisation
GCC1/2: General Communication Channel OPUk OH
1/2 PSI: Payload Structure Identifier
APS/PCC:Automatic Protection Swiching JC: Justification Control
coordination channel/Protection NJO: negative justification opportunity
Communication Control channel
Frame Alignment Signal
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
byte 1 byte 2 byte 3 byte 4 byte 5 byte 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OA1 OA1 OA1 OA2 OA2 OA2
FAS (Frame Alignment Signal)

A six byte OTUk-FAS signal is defined in row 1, columns 1 to 6 of the
OTUk overhead.
OA1 is 0xF6(1111 0110 ) OA2 is 0x28(0010 1000)
Multiframe alignment signal
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
MFAS OH Byte MFAS(MultiFrame Alignment Signal)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 defined in row 1, column 7
.
.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 The value of the MFAS byte will be incremented each
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 OTUk/ODUk frame and provides as such a 256 frame
MFAS sequence
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 multiframe.
..
..
Individual OTUk/ODUk overhead signals may use this
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 central multiframe to lock their 2-frame, 4 frame, 8-
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
..
0 0 1 frame, 16-frame, 32-frame, etc., multiframes to the
principal frame.
OTUk section monitoring overhead
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
1 2 3 TTI (Trail Trace Identifier)

TTI BIP-8
a one-byte overhead is defined to transport the 64 byte
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TTI signal
BDI
IAE
SAPI BEI/BIAE RES The 64-byte TTI signal shall be aligned with the OTUk
15
16
multiframe and transmitted four times per multiframe.
DAPI
31
32
TTI struture
16 bytes SAPI:Source Access Point Identifier
Operator
specific 16 bytes DAPI:Destination Access Point Identifier
63 32 bytes operator specific
BIP-8 (Bit Interleaved Parity-8)
For section monitoring, a one-byte error detection code signal is defined.
This byte provides a bit interleaved parity-8 (BIP-8) code
The OTUk BIP-8 is computed over the bits in the OPUk (columns 15 to 3824)
area of OTUk frame i, and inserted in the OTUk BIP-8 overhead location in
OTUk frame 1i+2 14 15 3824
Frame i OPUk
BIP8
Frame i+1
Frame i+2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
TCM
1 2 3 BEI/BIAE (Backward Error Indication/

TTI BIP-8 Backward Incoming Alignment Error)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A four-bit BEI and BIAE signal is defined.
BDI
IAE
SAPI BEI/BIAE RES This signal is used to convey in the upstream

15
16 direction the count of interleaved-bit blocks and
DAPI
31 incoming alignment error (IAE) condition.
32
During an IAE condition the code "1011" is inserted
Operator into the BEI/BIAE field and the error count is ignored.
specific
Otherwise the error count (0-8) is inserted into the
63 BEI/BIAE field.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
1 2 3 BDI (Backward Defect Indication)

TTI BIP-8
A single-bit backward defect indication (BDI)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
signal is defined to convey the signal fail status
BDI
IAE
SAPI BEI/BIAE RES detected in a section termination sink function in

15
16 the upstream direction.
DAPI
31 BDI is set to "1" to indicate an OTUk backward
32
defect indication; otherwise, it is set to "0"
Operator
specific
63
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
IAE (Incoming Alignment Error)

1 2 3
TTI BIP-8 A single-bit incoming alignment error (IAE) signal is

defined to allow the S-CMEP ingress point to
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 inform its peer S-CMEP egress point that an
BDI
IAE
SAPI BEI/BIAE RES

15 alignment error in the incoming signal has been
16
detected.
DAPI
31
32 IAE is set to "1" to indicate a frame alignment error,
otherwise it is set to "0".
Operator
specific
RES (Reserved)
63
two bits are reserved (RES) for future international
standardization. They are set to "00".
OTUk GCC0 and RES overhead
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
GCC0 (General Communication Channel)

Two bytes are allocated in the OTUk overhead to support a general
communications channel between OTUk termination points
A clear channel which are located in row 1, columns 11 and 12
RES (Reserved)
Two bytes of OTUk overhead are reserved for future international
standardization
located in row 1, columns 13 and 14
set to all ZEROs
ODUk path monitoring overhead
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
1 2 3 TTI / BIP-8 / BEI / BDI

TTI BIP-8
For path monitoring, this overheads function are the
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 same as OTUk SM signal, except BEI signal which
BDI
SAPI BEI STAT

15 doesnt support BIAE function.
16
DAPI in row 3, columns 10 to 12
31
32
Operator
specific
63
ODUk path monitoring overhead
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
1 2 3 STAT (Status)
TTI BIP-8
For path monitoring, three bits are defined as
status bits
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BDI
SAPI BEI STAT

They indicate the presence of a maintenance
15 signal
Bit 6 7 8 status
16
DAPI 000 Reserved for future international standardization
31 001 Normal path signal
32
010 Reserved for future international standardization
011 Reserved for future international standardization
Operator
specific 100 Reserved for future international standardization
101 Maintenance signal: ODUk - LCK
63 110 Maintenance signal: ODUk - OCI
111 Maintenance signal: ODUk - AIS
ODUk TCM overhead
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
TCM
1 2 3 TTIi / BIP-8i / BEIi/BIAEi / BDIi

TTIi BIP-8i
For each tandem connection monitoring field,
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 this overheads function are the same as
BDIi
SAPI BEIi/BIAEi STATi

15 OTUk SM signal
16
DAPI Six fields of ODUk TCM overhead are
31
32 defined in row 2, columns 5 to 13 and row 3,
columns 1 to 9 of the ODUk overhead
Operator
specific
63
ODUk TCM overhead
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
STAT (Status)
1 2 3 For each tandem connection monitoring field, three
TTIi BIP-8i bits are defined as status bits.
They indicate the presence of a maintenance
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 signal, if there is an incoming alignment error at
BDIi
SAPI BEIi/BIAEi STATi the source TC-CMEP, or if there is no source TC-

15
16 CMEP
Bit 6 7 8active. status
DAPI 000
No source TC
31 001
In use without IAE
32 010
In use without IAE
Reserved for future international
Operator 011
standardization
specific
Reserved for future international
100
standardization
63 101 Maintenance signal: ODUk -LCK
110 Maintenance signal: ODUk -OCI
111 Maintenance signal: ODUk -AIS
Nested and Cascaded ODUk monitored
connections
TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6
A1 B1 C1 C2 B2 B3 B4 A2
C1 - C2
B1 - B2 B3 - B4
A1 - A2
TCMi TCM OH field not in use TCMi TCM OH field in use
Overlapping ODUk monitored connections
TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6
A1 B1 C1 B2 C2 A2
C1 - C2
B1 - B2
A1 - A2
TCMi TCM OH field not in use TCMi TCM OH field in use
ODUk GCC1/GCC2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
GCC1 / GCC2 (General Communication Channel)

Two fields of two bytes are allocated in the ODUk overhead to support two
general communications channels between any two network elements with
access to the ODUk frame structure (i.e., at 3R regeneration points).
The bytes for GCC1 are located in row 4, columns 1 and 2, and the bytes
for GCC2 are located in bytes row 4, columns 3 and 4 of the ODUk
overhead.
Other overheads
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
TCMACT (TCM Activation/Deactivation)
APS/PCC (Automatic Protection Switching/Protection Communication

Control)
EXP (Experimental)
FTFL (Fault Type & Fault Location)
JC / NJO / RES (justification control / negative justification opportunity /

reserved)
these definitions are for further study.
OPUk payload structure identifier
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
PSI (Payload Structure Identifier)

0 PT
One byte is allocated in the OPUk
1
overhead to transport a 256-byte payload
Mapping structure identifier (PSI) signal
& concatenation
aligned with the ODUk multiframe.
specific
PSI[0] contains a one-byte payload type.
255 PSI[1] to PSI[255] are mapping and
concatenation specific .
Payload type code points
MSB 1 2 3 4 LSB 1 2 3 4 Hex code Interpretation
0000 0001 01 Experimental mapping
0000 0010 02 Asynchronous CBR mapping
0000 0011 03 Bit synchronous CBR mapping
0000 0100 04 ATM mapping
0000 0101 05 GFP mapping
0000 0110 06 Virtual Concatenated signal
0001 0000 10 Bit stream with octet timing mapping
0001 0001 11 Bit stream without octet timing mapping
0010 0000 20 ODU multiplex structure
0101 0101 55 Not available
0110 0110 66 Not available
1000 xxxx 80-8F Reserved codes for proprietary use
1111 1101 FD NULL test signal mapping
1111 1110 FE PRBS test signal mapping
1111 1111 FF Not available
Contents
Maintenance signals
AISalarm indication signal
AIS is a signal sent downstream as an indication that an
upstream defect has been detected. An AIS signal is
generated in an adaptation sink function
An AIS signal is detected in a trail termination sink function to

suppress defects or failures that would otherwise be detected
as a consequence of the interruption of the transport of the
original signal at an upstream point.
Maintenance signals
AISalarm indication signal
ODUk-AIS is specified as all "1"s in the entire ODUk signal,
excluding the frame alignment overhead (FA OH), OTUk
overhead (OTUk OH) and ODUk FTFL
The presence of ODUk-AIS is detected by monitoring the ODUk

STAT bits in the PM and TCMi overhead fields
1 78 14 17 3824
1 FA OH OTUk OH
FTFL
STAT
STAT
STAT
2
All-1s pattern
STAT
STAT
STAT
STAT
3
4
Maintenance signals
BDI (Backward Defect Indication)
Backward Defect Indication Payload defect (dBDI-P) is
monitored at the OTS and OMS layers. The purpose of
monitoring this parameter is to allow for single ended
supervision of the trail
BDI-P (dBDI-P) defect shall be declared/cleared at the trail
termination sink function within X ms/Y ms of detecting the far-
end defect causing the insertion of BDI-P into the OOS.
X and Y are for further study.
During signal fail conditions of the overhead signal, dBDI-P
shall be set to false
Maintenance signals
OCI (open connection indication)
A signal sent downstream as an indication that upstream the signal is
not connected to a trail termination source
The presence of ODUk-OCI is detected by monitoring the ODUk STAT
bits in the PM and TCMi overhead fields.
The repeating "0110 0110" pattern is the default pattern; other
patterns are also allowed as long as the STAT bits in the PM and
TCMi overhead fields are set to "110".
1 78 14 17 3824
1 FA OH OTUk OH
FTFL
STAT
STAT
STAT
2
Repeating 0110 0110 pattern
STAT
STAT
STAT
STAT
3
4
Maintenance signals
LCK (locked)
A signal sent downstream as an indication that upstream the connection is
"locked", and no signal is passed through.
The presence of ODUk-LCK is detected by monitoring the ODUk STAT bits
in the PM and TCMi overhead fields.
dLCK shall be declared if the accepted STAT information (AcSTAT) is
101. dLCK shall be cleared if the accepted STAT information is not equal
to 101.
During signal fail conditions of the data signal, dLCK shall be set to false.
1 78 14 17 3824
1 FA OH OTUk OH
FTFL
STAT
STAT
STAT
2
Repeating 0101 0101pattern
STAT
STAT
STAT
STAT
3
4
Maintenance signals
IAE (Incoming Alignment Error)
IAE at the OTUk layer: dIAE shall be declared/cleared if the IAE bit in the
SM overhead field (byte 3, bit 6) is 1/ 0 for X consecutive frames. X
shall be 5.
IAE at the ODUkT layer: dIAE shall be declared/cleared if the accepted
STAT information (AcSTAT) is/is not 010.
During signal fail conditions of the data signal, dIAE shall be set to false .
BIAE (Backward Incoming Alignment Error)
dBIAE shall be declared/cleared if the BEI/BIAE bits in the SM/TCM
overhead field (byte 3, bit 1 to 4) are/are not 1011 for X consecutive
frames. X shall be 3.
During signal fail conditions of the data signal, dBIAE shall be set to
false .
Maintenance and management signal
Management Network layers

signal
function OTUk ODUkP ODUkT
Alignment LOF/LOM Y Y
Connectivity TTI Y Y Y
AIS Y Y Y
OCI Y Y
Maintenance LCK Y Y
Signal LTC Y
BDI Y Y Y
BEI Y Y Y
IAE/BIAE Y Y
Signal quality BIP-8 Y Y Y
OTN Layer Network Trail
Client signal
ODUkP
ODUkT
OTU/OCH OTU/OCH OTU/OCH
OMS OMS OMS
OTS OTS OTS
NODE A NODE B NODE C NODE D

TM REG ODU ADM TM
NODE A using general OTU, generate SMPMTCM1
NODE B using regenerator OTU, terminate SM, generate SM
NODE C using Line unit OTU, terminate SMTCM1, generate SM
NODE D using general OTU, terminate SMPM
Contents
Alarm
Layer Alarm
OTUk OTUk_LOFOTUk_AISOTUk_LOMOTUk_TIMOTUk_DEG
OTUk_EXCOTUk_BDIBEFFEC_EXC
ODUk_PM ODUk_PM_TIMODUk_PM_DEGODUk_PM_EXC
ODUk_PM_BDIODUk_PM_LCKODUk_PM_OCI
ODUk_PM_AISODUk_LOFLOM
ODUk_TCMi ODUk_TCMi_TIMODUk_TCMi_DEG ODUk_TCMi_EXC

ODUk_TCMi_BDI ODUk_TCMi_LCKODUk_TCMi_OCI
ODUk_TCMi_AISODUk_TCMi_LTC
OPUk OPUk_PLMOPU2_MSIMOPU3_MSIM
Remark: k=1,2,3,5G, i=16;
Suppression mechanisms of electrical
layer alarm
OTUk_AIS ODUk_LOFLOM
OTUk_LOF ODUk_TCMi_LTC/OCI/LCK/AIS
OTUk_LOM ODUk_TCMi_TIM
ODUk_TCMi_B
DI
OTUk_TIM ODUk_PM_OCI/LCK/AIS ODUk_TCMi_IAE
ODUk_TCMi_BIAE
OTUk_IAE OTUk_BIAE OPUk_PLM OTUk_BDI ODUk_PM_TIM ODUk_TCMi_DEG
OTUk_DEG OPUk_MSIM OPUk_PLM ODUk_PM_BDI ODUk_PM_DEG
IAE and BIAE are not alarms, but IAE can suppress DEG which on the
same level.
Performance events
layer Performance events
OTUk OTUk_BBE OTUk_BBEROTUk_BIAESOTUk_ESOTUk_FEBBE

OTUk_FEBBEROTUk_FEESOTUk_FESESOTUk_FESESR
OTUk_FEUASOTUk_IAESOTUk_SESOTUk_SESROTUk_UAS
FEC_AFT_COR_ER
ODUk_PM ODUk_PM_BBEODUk_PM_BBERODUk_PM_ESODUk_PM_FEBBE
ODUk_PM_FEBBERODUk_PM_FEESODUk_PM_FESES
ODUk_PM_FESESRODUk_PM_FEUASODUk_PM_SESODUk_PM_SESR
ODUk_PM_UAS
ODUk_TCM ODUk_TCMi_BBEODUk_TCMi_BBERODUk_TCMi_BIAESODUk_TCMi_ES
i ODUk_TCMi_FEBBEODUk_TCMi_FEBBERODUk_TCMi_FEES
ODUk_TCMi_FESESODUk_TCMi_FESESRODUk_TCMi_FEUAS
ODUk_TCMi_IAESODUk_TCMi_SESODUk_TCMi_SESRODUk_TCMi_UAS
K=1,2,3,5G i=16.
Contents
Illustration
A NODE
fiber
XXXX = color (255/153/0) hypothetical condition e.g. fiber broken, insert

LCK
XXXX = color (102/153/0) Consequent Actione.g. insert AIS,BDI
XXXX = color (0/0/0) detect defecte.g. R_LOS,ODUK_PM_AIS
Scenarios hypothesis
These hypothesis apply to all scenarios
TIM insert AIS downward, TIM suppression enable
Monitoring both SAPI and DAPI to report TIM
ALSAPR function disable
Casepoint to point ODU2
ODU2P
OTU2 OTU2
A B C
Bidirectional client service between A and C station.

A, C (ODU TM)general OTU (LSX)
B (OTU REGregenerator OTU (LSXR)
Functional block
ODU2P OTU2 OCh
source source source
function function function
A,C
ODU2P OTU2 OCh
sink sink sink
function function function
OCh OTU2 OTU2 OCh

sink sink source source
function function function function
B
OCh OTU2 OTU2 OCh

source source sink sink
function function function function
Insert LCK at node A
ODU2_PM_LCK
ODU2_LCK
ODU2_PM_aBDI
A B C
ODU2_PM_BD
I
Fiber broken between A and B
R_LO ODU2_PM_AIS
S
ODU2_aAIS
Fiber broken OTU2_aBDI

X
A B C
OTU2_BDI
ODU2_PM_BDI
Fiber degrade between A and B
OTU2_DE
ODU2_PM_DEG
G
ODU2_PM_aBEI
Fiber degrade OTU2_aBEI
/
A B C
OTU2_BEI performance
ODU2_PM_BEI performance
Fiber badly degrade
OTU2_LO
F
ODU2_aAIS ODU2_PM_AIS
ODU2_PM_aBDI
Fiber degrade OTU2_aBDI
/
A B C
OTU2_BDI
ODU2_PM_B
DI
Receiving TTI is mismatch at B
SM_ExDAPI mismatch
OTU2_TIM ODU2_PM_AIS
ODU2_aAIS
OTU2_aBDI ODU2_PM_aBDI
A B C
OTU2_BDI
ODU2_PM_BDI
Receiving TTI is mismatch at C
PM_ExDAPI mismatch
ODU2_PM_TIM
ODU2_PM_aBDI
A B C
ODU2_PM_BDI
Client signal lost at A
R_LO ClientSF
S
Fiber broken
x
A B C
Questions
What kinds of the components the OTM-n.m have?
OTSn, OMSn, OCh, OTUk/OTUkV, ODUk, OPUk
Whats the difference with the BIP-8 byte function among

SM, PM, TCMi ?
All of them the BIP-8 is computed over the bits in the OPUk
(columns 15 to 3824) area, but for different layers on OTUk,
ODUkP, ODUKT.
How many types of the TCM applications we have?

Nested, cascaded and overlapping
Summary
Abbreviations and Acronyms
3R Re-amplification, Reshaping and Retiming
AI Adapted Information
AIS Alarm Indication Signal
APS Automatic Protection Switching
BDI Backward Defect Indication
BDI-O Backward Defect Indication Overhead
BDI-P Backward Defect Indication Payload
BEI Backward Error Indication
BI Backward Indication
BIAE Backward Incoming Alignment Error
BIP Bit Interleaved Parity
CBR Constant Bit Rate
CMEP Connection Monitoring End Point
DAPI Destination Access Point Identifier
EXP Experimental
ExTI Expected Trace Identifier
FAS Frame Alignment Signal
FDI Forward Defect Indication
FDI-O Forward Defect Indication Overhead
FDI-P Forward Defect Indication Payload
FEC Forward Error Correction
GCC General Communication Channel
IaDI Intra-Domain Interface
IAE Incoming Alignment Error
IrDI Inter-Domain Interface
JOH Justification Overhead
MFAS MultiFrame Alignment Signal
MFI Multiframe Indicator
MSI Multiplex Structure Identifier
NNI Network Node Interface
OCC Optical Channel Carrier
OCCo Optical Channel Carrier overhead
OCCp Optical Channel Carrier payload
OCCr Optical Channel Carrier with reduced functionality
OCG Optical Carrier Group
OCGr Optical Carrier Group with reduced functionality
OCh Optical channel with full functionality
OChr Optical channel with reduced functionality
OCI Open Connection Indication
ODTUG Optical channel Data Tributary Unit Group
ODTUjk Optical channel Data Tributary Unit j into k
ODU Optical Channel Data Unit
ODUk Optical Channel Data Unit-k
OH Overhead
OMS Optical Multiplex Section
OMU Optical Multiplex Unit
ONNI Optical Network Node Interface
OOS OTM Overhead Signal
OPS Optical Physical Section
OPU Optical Channel Payload Unit
OPUk Optical Channel Payload Unit-k
OSC Optical Supervisory Channel
OTH Optical Transport Hierarchy
OTM Optical Transport Module
OTN Optical Transport Network
OTS Optical Transmission Section
OTU Optical Channel Transport Unit
OTUk completely standardized Optical Channel Transport Unit-k
OTUkV functionally standardized Optical Channel Transport Unit-k
PCC Protection Communication Channel
PLD Payload
PMI Payload Missing Indication
PRBS Pseudo Random Binary Sequence
PSI Payload Structure Identifier

PT Payload Type
RES Reserved for future international standardization
SAPI Source Access Point Identifier
Sk Sink
SM Section Monitoring
So Source
TCM Tandem Connection Monitoring
TS Tributary Slot
TxTI Transmitted Trace Identifier
UNI User-to-Network Interface
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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OTN Introduction

Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Maintenance signals, function for different layers

Alarm and Performance events

Some common application scenarios of OTN.

Outline alarm and performance events generation mechanism

Analyze the alarm and performance events and locate the

Compared with traditional WDM

Jitter Equipment Structure Physic

OCG-n.m OCCp OCCp OCCp

OTM Overhead Signal (OOS)

OChr OCh payload

OCG-nr.m OCCp OCCp OCCp

Fixed channel spacing, irrespective of signal level

Without optical supervisory channel

OTUk[V] OH ODUk FEC

OChr OCh payload

OTU2 10 709 225.316 kbit/s

OTU3 43 018 413.559 kbit/s

ODU1 2 498 775.126 kbit/s

ODU2 10 037 273.924 kbit/s 20 ppm

ODU3 40 319 218.983 kbit/s

OPU1 2 488 320 kbit/s

OPU2 9 995 276.962 kbit/s

OPU3 40 150 519.322 kbit/s

A mixture of j (j 4) ODU2 and 16-4j ODU1 signals can be

Client Layer Signal

ODU1 OH Client Layer Signal

byte 1 byte 2 byte 3 byte 4 byte 5 byte 6

FAS (Frame Alignment Signal)

OA1 is 0xF6(1111 0110 ) OA2 is 0x28(0010 1000)

MFAS OH Byte MFAS(MultiFrame Alignment Signal)

1 2 3 TTI (Trail Trace Identifier)

63 32 bytes operator specific

This byte provides a bit interleaved parity-8 (BIP-8) code

1 2 3 BEI/BIAE (Backward Error Indication/

SAPI BEI/BIAE RES This signal is used to convey in the upstream

1 2 3 BDI (Backward Defect Indication)

SAPI BEI/BIAE RES detected in a section termination sink function in

IAE (Incoming Alignment Error)

TTI BIP-8 A single-bit incoming alignment error (IAE) signal is

SAPI BEI/BIAE RES

GCC0 (General Communication Channel)

1 2 3 TTI / BIP-8 / BEI / BDI

SAPI BEI STAT

SAPI BEI STAT

1 2 3 TTIi / BIP-8i / BEIi/BIAEi / BDIi

SAPI BEIi/BIAEi STATi

SAPI BEIi/BIAEi STATi the source TC-CMEP, or if there is no source TC-

TCMi TCM OH field not in use TCMi TCM OH field in use

TCMi TCM OH field not in use TCMi TCM OH field in use

GCC1 / GCC2 (General Communication Channel)

TCMACT (TCM Activation/Deactivation)

APS/PCC (Automatic Protection Switching/Protection Communication

FTFL (Fault Type & Fault Location)

JC / NJO / RES (justification control / negative justification opportunity /

these definitions are for further study.

PSI (Payload Structure Identifier)

An AIS signal is detected in a trail termination sink function to

The presence of ODUk-AIS is detected by monitoring the ODUk

Management Network layers

Signal quality BIP-8 Y Y Y

NODE A NODE B NODE C NODE D