Judaism

the children of israel

 Judaism …
• presents itself as the relationship between the
Children of Israel (Jews) and God, the creator.
• is centered upon Israel, the land of the Jews.
• has influenced much of Islam and Christianity, two
of today’s more dominant religions.
• and its practices and beliefs originated from Tanakh
(the Hebrew Bible).
 Judaism
origins
1
ESCAPE FROM EGYPT
Abraham
FIRST TEMPLE
§widely regarded as the founder of

SECOND about
monotheism, TEMPLE
4,000 years ago
Rameses
§God changed his name from Abram to
THE DIASPORA
Abraham which means “father of many”
ERA OF CONQUERORS
§it is said that all Jews are descendants of
RECOVERY
him PERIOD

THE JEWISH STATE

 Judaism
origins
1
ESCAPE FROM EGYPT

FIRST TEMPLE Saul

SECOND TEMPLE

THE DIASPORA David

ERA OF CONQUERORS

RECOVERY PERIOD Solomon

Solomon
David
Saul
THE JEWISH STATE
 Judaism
origins
1
ESCAPE FROM EGYPT

FIRST TEMPLE Haggai

SECOND TEMPLE Zechariah
Ezra
THE DIASPORA Malachi
Nehemiah
ERA OF CONQUERORS

RECOVERY PERIOD Cyrus the of the

Destruction
Construction ofBabylonian
THE JEWISH STATE Great s
the Second Temple
FirstTemple
 Judaism
origins
1
ESCAPE FROM EGYPT

FIRST TEMPLE

SECOND TEMPLE

THE DIASPORA

ERA OF CONQUERORS

RECOVERY PERIOD

THE JEWISH STATE Alexander the Great

 Judaism
origins
1
ESCAPE FROM EGYPT
1. The
2.
3.
1. The
Kitos
Bar Kokhba’s
Great
War Revolt
Great Revolt
Revolt
FIRST TEMPLE 66-73
115-117
132-135
SECOND TEMPLE
2. Hadrian
Lusius
Kitos abolished
ruthlessly
War
Warriors sacrificed
THE DIASPORA Simon
“Ploughing
“Rebellion
Hadrian
“Aelia
suppressed
sacred bar
circumcision, Kokhba
of
up the
Capitolina”
promised
birdsa the
which
Jewish
in frontto
Lusius
Eliezar
Quietus
ben
ERA OF CONQUERORS 3.of
Bar he Temple”
Exiled”
viewed
rebuild the
Kokhba’s
revolt
a local in as
city.
Revolt
synagogue
Hanania
RECOVERY PERIOD mutilation.
Mesopotamia.
THE JEWISH STATE
 Judaism
origins
1
ESCAPE FROM EGYPT 1.Persians
FIRST TEMPLE
4.
1.
2.
3.Ottoman
Persians
Muslims
CrusadersEmpire
(614
(638
(1099
CE)
CE)(1517
CE) CE)
2.Muslims
SECOND TEMPLE •The Church of the Holy
The Dome
Jerusalem
General of the
was
Shahrbaraz
THE DIASPORA First
Sepulchre
3.Crusaders
Dome
Caliph
Sultan Crusades
was
of burned.
the
Umar
Rock
Selim
RockCross
was
ERA OF CONQUERORS •recaptured
The True by
wasthe
4.Ottoman Empire
RECOVERY PERIOD
converted.
Christians.
captured into a
THE JEWISH STATE Church.
 Judaism
origins
1
ESCAPE FROM EGYPT
jewish state
FIRST TEMPLE Ottoman
jewsEmpire
SECOND TEMPLE rebuilt
••Town the city,
planning thewherein
order buildings and
buildings
THE DIASPORA
UNarePartition
sacred
to beplaces
for Palestin
arabs
faced with sandstone in order
to preserve the
•reinstated theoverall look of the city.
markets
ERA OF CONQUERORS
•Hebrew University was established.
RECOVERY PERIOD
british
•refurbished the mosques
arab state
THE JEWISH STATE
 Judaism
origins
1
ESCAPE FROM EGYPT
jewish state
FIRST TEMPLE egypt
SECOND TEMPLE syria

THE DIASPORA
UNWar
Partition
of Independence
for Palestiniraq
jews of israel jordan
ERA OF CONQUERORS lebanon
RECOVERY PERIOD arabs of israel
arab state
THE JEWISH STATE
Judaism
basics
2
Judaism is considered either as the first or one
•

of the first monotheistic religions.

GOD
Judaism was founded by
§ Abraham
sole creator
about
of the
4,000
universe
years
§ indivisible
ago in deity
West Asia.
 Judaism
basics
2
judaism christianity
says that the messiah
saysbethat
would no
all
a normal, says
says
says that
that
that Jesus
Maryall
says
says
human that
that
can God
no
aredie says
says that
that JesusChrist
Christ
humans
mortal
man
manwho
would getsnota
would is Christ
humans
gave
the
died
would
birth,
messiah
for
are
theand
for the
fulfill sins
all
born pure and of
Jewish have
born afulfill
though
would withsecond
athe
the
second
allow
messianic coming.
virgin
prophecies
others.
innocent. sins
coming.
prophecies of
in one normal, virgin.sin.he
original when
birth. mortal mankind.
returns.
lifetime.
 Judaism
basics
2
Jesus Christ came into the picture.

JUDAISM CHRISTIANITY

What is the difference

Despite continuous invasions, Jews continued

between
to grow in number.

PE King David conquered Jerusalem.

OP
Judaism andLEChristianity?
Christ
The Israelites reached the “promised Land”.

OF
IS The Ten Commandments were given to
Moses at Mount Sinai.
Moses led the Israelites to Canaan. RA
EL
The Israelites were settled in Egypt.
Judaism
basics
2

Rabbi
Synagogue
•

–– leaders
• of of
the place theworship
Jews of the Jews
– preachers of Judaism
 Judaism
basics
2
TaNaKh
T•Tanakh – the Hebrew Bible
orah (Teachings)
Torah
Nevi’im
Ketuvim a
Beserith (Genesis)
Covers21 the
booksera from N evi‘im (Prophets)
theCovers
Covers
Shemot the the
(Exodus)
entrance of the5
first
The
9 Five
Earlier
remaining
Israelites Books
Prophets
tothe11
the a
books
Vayikra of
(Leviticus)
of Moses
(Joshua-Ezekiel)
Land until the K etuvim (Writings)
Bamidbarbooks
Bible.
(Numbers)
Babylonian
(Psalms-Chronicles
12 Later
Devarim
I and II)
Prophets
(Deuteronomy ) h
captivity of
(Hosea-Malachi)
Judah
Judaism
basics
2
The Ten Commandments
1) Mammals
2) Birds that BOTH
must fit certain criteria:
- 4)
Birds
3)
5)
7) of 13
6)ruminate
Meat
Fish
Mammals
The “Kosher”
prey
Utensils
As much
must
and cannot
(chew
milk
used
have
blood
and (or
Principlesinbe eaten.
their
fowls
fins
as cud)
non-kosher
derivatives)
possible
and
of must
scales
Faith be
- meals
Birds hatched
slaughtered with feathers and can
and inare
should
cannot
order
have considered
inbe
to
abespecific
cloven removed.
bemixed.
kosher.
non-kosher.
hooves fashion.
can
walk soon are considered
Kashrut kosher.
be kosher.
 Judaism
basics
2
Bar/Bat
2) 5)
1) Bereavement
Brit
4)
3) Marriage
Shidduch
milah
Mitzvah
or
Zeved habat
Jewish
Judaism
BOYS singles
(Brit
(Bar
These traditionally
Mitzvah)
milah)
refers are
to introduced
the considers
series of to
-circumcision
-age of majorityonisthe
138th
years
dayold
from birth
one
marriage
stagesanother asfor
an the
in mourning idealpurpose
the state
deathofof
of
personal
GIRLS (Bat
(Zeved marriage
Mitzvah)
habat)
a existence.
Jew.
- age
simple
of majority
namegiving
is 12 years old
Judaism
jewish clothing
3
kippah

tefillin

prayer shawl

Torah

tzitzit kippah
tefillin
Torah
shawl
tzitzit
 Judaism
jewish holidays
4
shabbat
§“shavat” – ceasing from work
§a Jew is freed from the regular labors of
everyday life
§sundown of Friday until the appearance
of 3 stars in the sky on Saturday
§recalls the Biblical Creation account of
Genesis in the Bible
 Judaism
jewish holidays
4
shalosh regalim
three pilgrimage festivals
§Passover
14th - 21st of Nisan (March-April)

§Shavuot
6th of Sivan (May-June)

§Sukkot
15th - 22nd of Tishrei (Sept-October)
 Judaism
jewish holidays
4
hanukkah
§“The Festival of Lights”
§Eight nights from the 25th of Kislev
(November-December)
§Its official symbol is the menorah.
§It is said that the menorah’s fire kept on
burning for 8 days after the victory of the
Israelites over the Seleucids (Romans).
 Judaism
demographics
5
•Judaism is the 12th of the major religions in
terms of number of followers.

41%
The number
There
Jews are
arein13.2
make Israel
of
up Jews is declining
million
roughly Jews
1% ofin
40%
at anthe
average
areworld’s
inthe
USA
ofworld.
50,000 per year.
population.
19% are- 2007
in the other countries
Jewish People Policy Planning Institute
END