The School

Curriculum:
Definition, Nature
and Scope
What Can You Say?
 Headlines

The Philippines Shifts to K-12 Curriculum

TeachersAre Reluctant to Teach Beyond the
Written Curriculum
Co-curricular
Activities: Learning
Opportunities or Distraction?
 Nature of Curriculum
Curriculum makes a difference between maturity and immaturity, between
growth and stasis, between literacy and illiteracy, between sophistication and
simplicity.
It is the accumulated heritage of mans knowledge filtered through the
prisms of contemporary demands and pressure.
It is that wisdom considered relevant to any age at a given location
It is what we choose from our vast amount of heritage of wisdom to make a
difference in the life of man.
 Meaning of Curriculum

The term curriculum has been derived from the Latin word Currere which
means a race course or a runway on which one runs to reach a goal.
Accordingly, a curriculum is the instructional and the educative programme
which pupils/students follow in order for them to achieve their goals, ideals,
and aspirations.
It is through curriculum in which the general aim of school education receive
concrete expression.
Traditional curriculum is subject-centered while modern curriculum is child
and life-centered.
 Curriculum from Traditional Points of View

Robert M. Hutchins-views curriculum as permanent studies, 3 Rs

should be emphasized(Reading/Writing/Rithmetic) in Basic Education
while liberal education should be emphasized in college.
Arthur Bestor- believes that curriculum should focus on grammar,
literature, writing, mathematics, science, history and language.
Joseph Schwah- thinks that discipline is very vital in forming the
learners mind. He coined the word discipline as a ruling doctrine for
curriculum development.
Phillip Phenix- asserts that curriculum should consist entirely of
knowledge which comes from various disciplines.
 Curriculum from Progressive Points of View

John Dewey- believes that education is experiencing. Reflective thinking

unifies curricular elements tested by application.
Holin Caswell and Ken Campbell- viewed curriculum as all all experiences
children have under the guidance of teachers.
Othaniel Smith, William Stanley and Harlan Shore- defined curriculum as a
sequence of potential services done in schools to discipline learners through
thinking and acting.
Colin Marsh and George Willis- viewed curriculum as all the experiences in the
classroom enacted by the teacher and learned by the students/ pupils
Curriculum from Traditional Points of View

Robert M. Hutchki