PAST PERFECT

If I had known that Grandkids were so

much fun, I would have had them first!

Grandma!
Grandpa!
Past Perfect
When is it used?
Present
Past simple

Past perfect

The past perfect tense is usually used

to describe an action that happened
before another action in the past.
Past Perfect
Examples
When Jim arrived at the the station,
the train had already left.

They showed us the photos that they

had taken during their holiday in London.
Past Perfect
When is it used?

If + past perfect conditional perfect

The past perfect tense is also used

in third conditional sentences.
Past Perfect
Examples

If I had known about the concert,

I would have bought us tickets.

If they hadnt booked the room in advance,

they wouldnt have had a place to sleep.
Past Perfect
How is it formed?
Affirmative form

I
You
He
She
It + + past participle
eg. taken / gone / drunk
We
You
They
Past Perfect
How is it formed?
Negative form

I
You
He
She
It + + past participle
We
You
They
Past Perfect
How is it formed?
Interrogative form

I
you
he
+ she
it + past participle
we
you
they
Past Perfect
Time markers
Had you been fat before you went
to the health farm to get fit?
Yes, we had been.

After we had spent a month

at the health farm, we were
no longer fat we were fit!
Past Perfect
Time markers

She spoke with an accent after

she had spent so much time abroad.

They went back to the place

where they had met ten years before.

When he arrived, the

conference had just finished.
Past Perfect
Time markers

As soon as he had seen the

accident, he called an ambulance.

I tried to apologize but she had

already switched of her phone.

By the time she left, we had

scheduled another meeting.
Past Perfect
Exercise 1
Complete the sentences with the past perfect
of the verbs below.

go not/drink arrive write see

had never ______
1. I ______ seen such a beautiful garden.
had already ______
2. When the heavy rain started, we ______ gone home.
had written that letter.
3. I didnt know that you ____________

had arrived
4. By the time the exam started, all the students ____________.

5. He told me he ____________
hadnt drunk any alcoholic drinks.
Past Perfect
Exercise 2
Fill in the gaps with the past simple or past perfect.

1. They ______________
didnt recognise (not/recognise) her because
she _________
had cut (cut) her hair.
2. When we _________
arrived (arrive) , the shop
________________
had already closed (already/closed).
3. I ________
went (go) to Venice last year. I ______________
had never been
(never/be) there before.
4. She ______
met (meet) an old friend she ___________
hadnt seen
(not/see) for ages.
PAST PERFECT
If I had known that Grandkids were so
much fun, I would have had them first!

Grandma!
Grandpa!