By :

1. Robiatul Isnaeni R. 011411231003

2. Diah Astuti 011411231013
3. Maryatul Kibtiyah 011411231023
4. Yulin Dwiya Ramadhani 011411231034
5. Kurnia Sihha Mawarni 011411233011
 The word gestational implies that diabetes is induced by
pregnancy ostensibly because of exaggerated physiological changes in
glucose metabolism. Gestational diabetes is defined as carbohydrate
intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during
pregnancy.[1] GDM is a form of hyperglycemia. In general,
hyperglycemia results from an insulin supply that is inadequate to
meet tissue demands for normal blood glucose regulation.[2]
1. F. Gary Cunningham,Kenneth J. Leveno,Steven L. Bloom, et al.
Medical and Surgical Complications: Gestational Diabetes.
William Obstetric. New York : McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.
1136 p.
2. Buchanan, Thomas A, Anny H. Xiang. Gestational Diabetes
Mellitus. New York: The Journal of Clinical Investigation; 2005.
485 p.
 The word gestational implies that diabetes is induced by
pregnancy, ostensibly because of exaggerated physiological changes in
glucose metabolism. Gestational diabetes is defined as carbohydrate
intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during
pregnancy (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists,
2013). GDM is a form of hyperglycemia. In general, hyperglycemia
results from an insulin supply that is inadequate to meet tissue demands
for normal blood glucose regulation (Buchanan and Xiang, 2005).
Buchanan, Thomas A, Anny H. Xiang. 2005. Gestational Diabetes
Mellitus. New York: The Journal of Clinical Investigation.
F. Gary Cunningham,Kenneth J. Leveno,Steven L. Bloom, et al. 2014.
Medical and Surgical Complications: Gestational Diabetes.
William Obstetric. 24th edn. New York: McGraw-Hill
Education.
 Ironically, several of these hormones such as estrogen,
cortisol, and human placental lactogen (HPL) have a blocking
effect on insulin, a contra insulin effect. This contra-insulin
effect usually begins about midway (20 to 24 weeks) through
pregnancy. The larger the placenta grows, the more these
hormones are produced, and the greater the insulin resistance
becomes.1 Insulin resistance increases your bodys need for
insulin. If your pancreas cant make enough insulin, you will
have gestational diabetes.2
1. U.S Department of Health and Human Services. Understanding Gestational
Diabetes: A Practical Guide to A Healthy Pregnancy. 1st Engl. ed. Collingdale:
DIANE publishing co; 1994. 5 p.
2. National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. What I Need to Know about
Gestational Diabetes. 1st Engl. ed. Bethesda: NIH Publication; 2013. 3 p.
 Ironically, several of these hormones such as estrogen,
cortisol, and human placental lactogen (HPL) have a blocking
effect on insulin, a contra insulin effect. This contra-insulin
effect usually begins about midway (20 to 24 weeks) through
pregnancy. The larger the placenta grows, the more these
hormones are produced, and the greater the insulin resistance
becomes (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 1994).
As stated by National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (2013),
Insulin resistance increases your bodys need for insulin. If your
pancreas cant make enough insulin, you will have gestational
diabetes.
National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. (2013). What I Need to Know about Gestational
Diabetes. 1st ed. Bethesda: NIH Publication.
U.S Department of Health and Human Services. (1994). Understanding Gestational Diabetes: A
Practical Guide to A Healthy Pregnancy. 1st ed. Collingdale: DIANE Publishing co.
A general treatment plan to control gestational diabetes may
include these items: Knowing your blood sugar (also called
glucose) level and keeping it under control;
Eating a healthy diet, as outlined by your
health care provider; Getting regular, moderate
physical activity; Maintaining a healthy weight gain;
Keeping daily records of your diet, physical activity;
Taking insulin and/or other medications as prescription.1

1. Guttmacher, Alan E. Managing Gestational Diabetes: A

Patients Guide to A Healthy Pregnancy. Bethesda: NIH
Publication; 2004. 9 p.
According to Guttmacher (2004), a general treatment plan to
control gestational diabetes may include these items:
Knowing your blood sugar (also called glucose) level and
keeping it under control; Eating a healthy diet, as outlined
by your health care provider; Getting regular, moderate
physical activity; Maintaining a healthy weight gain;
Keeping daily records of your diet, physical activity;
Taking insulin and/or other medications as prescription.

Guttmacher, Alan E. (2004). Managing Gestational Diabetes: A

Patients Guide to A Healthy Pregnancy. Bethesda: NIH
Publication.