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Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING DRAWING
The role of engineers is to design & develop the products. In their business, engineers
have to prepare drawings to convey their ideas. The graphical language used by
engineers is called as Engineering Drawing. Just as a picture speaks thousands of
words, a complete technical drawing tells everything about the geometry of the product.
To draw accurate drawings, various instruments & accessories are used. These are
explained on next slide.
Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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1.3.4 T-Square
A T-square is a T-shaped device used to draw straight horizontal lines. It
consists of a stock and a blade joined together at right angles, Fig. 1.4.
Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Set-squares
Two set squares(i) 45 set-square and (ii) 30 60 set-square, are the most
common drawing instruments. A protractor is usually included in a 45 set-
square, Fig. 1.5(a). The 30 60 set-square may include French curves in it,
Fig. 1.5(b).
Protractor
Protractor is used to draw and measure the angles. It is available separately
or as merged in 45 set-square.
Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Roller Scale
A roller scale is a handy device used to draw parallel and inclined lines. It is a
speedy device and may be used for practice in classrooms.
Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Compasses
Compasses are used to draw circles or arcs. Two sizes of compasses(i)
large compass and (ii) small spring bow compass are in common use. A
large compass consists of a needle leg and a pencil leg hinged together at
upper ends, Fig. 1.7(a). The two legs carry, respectively, a needle point and a
pencil point at their lower ends. The pencil point can be interchanged with a
pen point, Fig. 1.7(b). Lengthening bar, Fig. 1.7(c), is used to draw circles of
diameter greater than 150 mm. Small spring bow compasses are of two
types: bow pencil compass, Fig. 1.7(e) and Bow pen compass, Fig. 1.7(f).
Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Dividers
Dividers are used to transfer lengths from one place to other. They are also
used to set-off desired distance from the scale on the paper.
Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Pencils/Lead Pens
The quality of drawing largely depends on the selection and use of proper
grade of pencil. The grade of a pencil is printed near its blocked end. For
technical drawing, three grades of pencils, namely, H, 2H and HB are
recommended. A lead pen, Fig. 1.10, is an alternative to the pencil.
Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Lead Sticks
Lead sticks, Fig. 1.11, are used with compasses. HB and H grades are
frequently needed for technical drafting. The end of lead sticks must be
sharpened properly using sandpaper.
Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Pencil Sharpener
A pencil sharpener is a device used to mend the pencils. It conveniently
removes the wooden shell covering the lead. A common hand-held
sharpener, Fig. 1.12(a), is recommended.
Eraser
A non-dusting good quality eraser is recommended for erasing unwanted
part of the pencil drawing.
Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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French Curve
A French curve is a template of freeform curves made up of acrylic or
celluloid, Fig. 1.14. It helps to draw a smooth curve passing through a
number of non-collinear points.
Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Circle Template
A transparent circle template made up of acrylic is used to draw circles of
different radii quickly. The circle templates should only be used to draw
circles of diameters smaller than 5 mm.
Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Lettering Set-squares
Small sized transparent \set-squares without any graduations on their edges,
Fig. 1.17, may be used for lettering purposes.
Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Lettering Template
Lettering template is a plastic plate on which letters are carved, Fig. 1.18. It
may be used for double stroke Gothic lettering (Section 2.3.4).
Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Sheet Container
A sheet container, Fig. 1.20, may be used to store and carry drawing sheets.
Sandpaper
Sandpaper (or sandpaper block) is used to sharpen the pencil lead and lead
sticks. Fine grade wood sandpaper, should be preferred.
Paper Napkins or Handkerchief
Paper napkins or a small handkerchief may be used to clean the drawing
sheet and drawing instruments frequently.
Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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PRACTICAL LESSONS
Before the start of drawing work, the drafting table and other drawing instruments should be
cleaned properly. The user should also clean his or her hands. This helps to keep the
drawing work clean.
Clamping a Drawing Sheet on Drawing Board and Setting the Drafter
Refer Fig. 1.21.
1. Place a drawing board on a table top or any other suitable surface. A specially designed
drafting table (with a drawing board as a table top) may be used. The ebony edge of the
board should be on your left-hand side.
2. Place the drawing sheet on the drawing board. The bottom and right edges of the sheet
should be approximately 1 cm each from the corresponding edges of the board.
3. Fix a drawing clip (Clip 1) at bottom right corner of the board. See INSET 1 for proper clip
placement.
4. Loosen the clamping screw of the mini drafter. Carry the drafter gently over the board and
place its claming strap over the top left corner of the board such that two of the inner faces
of the strap will mate with the corresponding faces of the top edge of the board, INSET 2.
The distance of the clamp from the left edge of the board may be 5 mm to 10 mm, INSET
3. Tighten the clamping screw gently till the strap takes a firm grip on the board.
Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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5. Move the drafter scale to the centre of the sheet. Loosen the scale screw and match the 0
degree mark on the degree scale with the mark on the scale plate, INSET 4. You must
look directly from above the 0 degree mark to avoid the parallax error. Tighten the scale
screw gently.
6. Move the drafter scale near the bottom edge of the sheet. Match the edge with the
horizontal scale of the drafter. The sheet may be moved up and down pivoting about the
Clip 1. Once the bottom edge of the sheet is matched perfectly with the horizontal scale,
place another clip (Clip 2) near the bottom left corner of the sheet. (If the sheet has a
printed drawing frame, then the bottom horizontal line of the frame should be matched
with the horizontal scale.) Now, move the scale to the top edge of the sheet, sliding gently
over the sheet, and place the third clip (Clip 3) near the top right corner of the sheet. Use
a drawing pin, INSET 5, or adhesive tape, INSET 6, to fix the top left corner of the sheet.
The pin should be inserted at a point approximately 1 cm each from top and left edge of
the sheet. In case of a sheet with a printed drawing frame, the pin should be placed
outside the frame.
Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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The title block is located at the bottom right corner of the frame attached to
the frame lines, Fig. 1.27. It typically includes information like, name of the
organization, name of the designer or draftsman, drawing title, scale of the
drawing, etc. The projection method symbol is also included in the title
block.
Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008
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12. Use a paper napkin or clean handkerchief to clean away the rubbed particles from drawing
sheet.
13. Avoid the contact of drawing instruments with drawing sheet except during their actual
use.
14. Your drawing sheet gets stained by dirt on the drawing instruments, drawing board and
your hands. Keep all these always clean.
15. Protect your drawing sheet from all external factors which may spoil or make it dirty.
16. Before placing the drawing sheet inside the container, roll it properly and place a rubber-
band over it.
Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay A Jolhe, Tata McGraw Hill, Ed. 2008