USE OF FORENSIC

SCIENCES IN POLICE
INVESTIGATION
ORDER OF PRESENTATION
History
Mission
Vision
Core Competencies
Capabilities and Functions
The Evidence and its Use
SOCO Flow Chart
SOCO Video Presentation
 HISTORY OF CRIME LABORATORY

The PNP Crime Laboratory was first organized as a

Fingerprint Section of the G-2 Division of the Military
Police Command Armed Forces in the West Pacific of the
United States Army (AFWESPAC) in May 19, 1945. It
was upgraded into a branch and was renamed as Crime
Laboratory Branch of the Criminal Investigation Service,
which was the investigative arm of the Philippine
Constabulary (PC).
 The laboratory underwent several reorganizations
and changes of names. It was reorganized on May 26,
1959 as a separate unit of the PC under Table of
Organization and Equipment 3-07 (TO & E 3-07) of the
Armed Forces of the Philippines and was renamed as PC
Forensic Laboratory. On December 1, 1960, pursuant TO
& E 03, the unit was renamed as the PC Central Crime
Laboratory, and on June 28, 1961, it was activated as a
unit of the Armed Forces of the Philippines pursuant to
Special Order Number 453 GHQ AFP.
 The National Headquarters of the Crime
Laboratory in Camp Crame was constructed during
the term of then Philippine Constabulary Brigadier
General Vicente Raval on December 4, 1968. The
construction was completed on July 22, 1969,
coinciding with its official designation as the PC Crime
Laboratory (PCCL) pursuant to Headquarters
Philippine Constabulary General Order Number 23.
 The crime laboratory saw continuous
improvement in the following years in order to serve
the people more effectively. In 1975, scientific pieces of
equipment were acquired through the War
Reparations Program of the Japanese Government.
Organizationally, the crime laboratory was expanded
in 1978, under the authority of HPC GO Nr 23
wherein twelve (12) regional units were established.
With the merging of the Philippine Constabulary
and the Integrated National Police (INP) on May 16,
1985, PCCL was re-designated as PC/INP Crime
Laboratory Service (CLS) as per HPC GO Nr 64.
 By virtue of Republic Act 6975 (DILG) enacted in
1990, the PC/INP was abolished, paving way to the
creation of the Philippine National Police.
Consequently, the PNP Crime Laboratory Service was
established as an Administrative Support Unit on
January 30, 1990. In 1996, NAPOLCOM Resolution Nr
96-058 spelled out the streamlining program of the PNP
and designated the PNPCLS as a National Operational
Support Unit. Likewise, it dropped the word Service from
the crime laboratorys name and would simply be known
as the PNP Crime Laboratory.
 MISSION

To provide scientific method of investigation and

technical support to the PNP and other government/non-
government investigative agencies through fieldwork,
scene of crime operation, forensic laboratory service,
criminalistics training and research.
 VISION
The men and women of the PNP Crime Laboratory
are committed to the vision of a professional, dynamic
and motivated forensic service, providing quality
scientific investigation and working in partnership with
responsive pillars of the Criminal Justice System towards
the attainment of equality and justice.
CORE COMPETENCIES
BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCE
FORENSIC PHYSICAL
PHOTOGRAPHY SCIENCE

POLYGRAPH PHYSICAL
PNP CL
EXAM IDENTIFICATION

QUESTIONED
FIREARMS
DOCUMENT
IDENTIFCATION
EXAM
FINGERPRINT
IDENTICATION
 CHEMISTRY DIVISION
Conduct Qualitative aation of Dangerous Drugs under RA 9165 as well as volatile
substances under PD 1619.
Conduct examination of explosives and/or explosive ingredients. (PD 1866)
Conduct examination of Firearms and Paraffin casts for the presence of Gunpowder
Nitrates.
Conduct Chemico-Toxicological examination of human internal organs, gastric contents,
blood water and food sample and other substances.
Conduct examination of fake products in case of unfair trade competition. (fundador,
cement, SMB, cigarette, chlorox)
Conduct blood alcohol determination.
Examine urine and other body fluids for the presence of dangerous drugs.
Conduct researches and training related to the cases being examined.
Give lectures on Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology to various schools, universities, police
training centers and other investigative units.
Testify and give expert opinion in court.
Respond to queries of all investigative units and render expert opinion regarding matters
related to the application of chemical principles for the purpose of assisting investigators
in developing investigative leads.
Conduct Field laboratory work and clandestine laboratory investigationnd Quantitative
Examin.
 PNP Forensic Explosives
Laboratory
Capabilities:

The PNP Forensic Explosives Laboratory can determine the

presence of different ions found in post blast debris and suspected
explosive materials as well as other ions of potential forensic
significance.
The PNP Forensic Explosives Laboratory was created thru
Philippines-Australia Counter Terrorism Capacity Building Project
with the active support of the Australian Federal Police.
The support includes laboratory set-up, equipment, supplies
and training packages. Inaugurated on February 01, 2007 with the
Australian Ambassador to the Philippines His Excellency Tony Hely
as the guest of Honor and Speaker.
 MEDICO LEGAL DIVISION
FUNCTIONS
THE MISSION, CONDUCT EXAMINATIONS ON PERSONS
INVOLVED IN PHYSICAL INJURY CASES AND SEXUAL
OFFENSES.
CONDUCT AUTOPSIES, EXHUMATIONS, SKELETAL AND
ODONTOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS TO DETERMINE THE
CAUSE OF DEATH AND IDENTITY OF PERSONS.
CONDUCT HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL
EXAMINATIONS TO DETERMINE EXACT CAUSE OF DEATH
AS WELL AS THE PRESENCE AND TYPE OF HUMAN BLOOD.
CONDUCT DNA ANALYSIS FOR PERSON IDENTIFICATION.
CONDUCT LECTURES TO DIFFERENT POLICE/ MILITARY
INSTITUTIONS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND PRIVATE /
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
ORIENT AND TRAIN NEW PERSONNEL AND OJT ON
FUNCTIONS AND CAPABILITIES ON THE DIVISION.
DNA BRANCH, MEDICO LEGAL
DIVISION
FUNCTION AND CAPABILITIES
1. PROVIDES FORENSIC DNA FINGERPRINTING/ANALYSIS TO MATCH THE
SUSPECT OF THE CRIME IN CASES OF:
A. Alleged raped and other sexual crimes wherein biological sample are
recovered
B. Alleged murder/ homicide to established identity of perpetrator
C. Found dead bodies where standard manner of identification could not
establish identity

2. Identifies Victims of Mass Disasters such as in:

A. Plane Crashes
B. Ship wreckage
C. Fire Disasters

3. Establishes paternity/Maternity in child custody conflict and inheritance

lawsuits to link consanguinity
 PHYSICAL IDENTIFICATION
DIVISION
Capabilities/ Functions

Conducts analysis and comparison of specimen to

determine its nature, composition, quality or source such
as hair, fibers, debris, metals, paints, woods, restoration of
serial numbers of motor vehicles and firearms, ultraviolet
examination in entrapment and buy-bust operations,
bullet trajectory in shooting incidents and casting and
molding of different types of impressions and tool marks
examination.
Assists investigators in the proper collection, handling
and preservations of physical evidence.
Conduct researches before their adaptation, give
lectures, technical opinion and testimony in both civil and
criminal courts.
 FIREARMS
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION
CAPABILITIES
Conducts examination of evidence firearms, fired
bullets/cartridge cases, shotgun shells, wads, pellets and
related specimens recovered from the crime.
Conducts test firing of evidence firearms of different
caliber;
Conducts scene of crime operations and field laboratory
works;
Determines the classification of firearms as to power,
pursuant to RA 8294;
Conducts lectures, briefings and seminars on firearm
identification;
Appears in Court as Expert Witness; and
Performs such other functions as may be directed by the
Director, Crime Laboratory.
 FINGERPRINT
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION
CAPABILITIES:
Responsible to the Dir, CL for the examination of all fingerprint evidence of
criminal nature.
Supervise the technical training of the division personnel with regards to
dactylosycopy so as to improve their knowledge and techniques of
examination and analysis.
Provides lectures on the science of Dactyloscopy to PNP School and other
units of the AFP.
Provides fingerprint expert witnesses in civil and military courts for the
purpose of interpretation of dactyloscopic reports on the scientific
examination performed.
Develops, lifts and preserves latent print gathered at the crime scenes
subsequently takes fingerprint of suspects and criminal.
Examines, compares and determines the identity or non-identity of all
questioned finger, palm and footprints.
Assists in establishing identities of deceased persons whose cadavers and
beyond recognition.
Classifies, verifies and files all Fingerprint cards based on Henry System
with FBI Modification and Extension.
Maintain index (3x5) card of cross-reference of persons by name whose
fingerprint cards are on the Master File.
 AFIS BRANCH, FPID
FUNCTIONS / CAPABILITIES

FINGERPRINT DATA BASE CAPABLE OF

ELECTRONICALLY
CAPTURING LATENT FINGERPRINT
IMAGES AND TEXTUAL INFORMATION
AFIS OPERATION ROOM

COLLECTED FINGERPRINT ARE ENCODED TO THE

TERMINAL COMPUTER MACHINE AND STORED TO
THE MAIN COMPUTER DATA BASE OF AFIS
 QUESTIONED DOCUMENT
EXAMINATION DIVISION
Functions/Capabilities
Examination of Questioned Signatures
Handwriting Examination
Examination of Document suspected to have been
Altered/Erased.
Decipherment of Secret Writings
Examination of Sequence of Entry
Paper and Ink Comparison
Typewriting Identification
Examination of Counterfeit Bills
Conduct lectures to PNP, AFP and other government
agencies.
Conduct Field Laboratory Works
Attend court Duties.
 POLYGRAPH DIVISION
FUNCTIONS/CAPABILITIES
Criminal Investigation
Domestic Issues
Employees Theft/Fraud
Unfair Dismissal
Pilferage
Insurance investigation
False and Malicious Allegations
Sexual Harassment
Pre-employment/periodic screening
 PHOTOGRAPHY DIVISION
FUNCTIONS/CAPABILITIES
Photograph suspects and crime victims for personal identification;
Photograph evidence submitted to this laboratory before
examination;
Conduct crime scene photography;
Conduct comparative examination and analysis of questioned
photograph;
Conducts lectures to different police/military training
institutions, govt agencies and public/private schools upon
request;
Processes black & white film and print to reduce and enlarge
photographs;
Reproduces photographs and other printed matters;
Sketches facial features of suspects based on actual description by
the witnesses or victims for identification;
Attend court duties; and
Maintains Crime Laboratory Rogues Gallery
 FLOWCHART OF REQUEST FOR FORENSIC LABORATORY EXAMINATION
WRITTEN
RECEIVING REQUEST RELEASING
Releasing of Lab result (duly signed by
Recording
the Examiner-on-Case, Chief of
Referral: To concerned CRIME LAB
Technical Div and
Investigation RECEIVING/
Personal Request RELEASING
Court Order CENTER
R
E
L
MEDICO PHYSICAL QUESTIONED FINGERPRINT E
LEGAL IDENTIFICATI DOCUMENT IDENTIFICATI A
DIVISION ON DIVISION DIVISION ON DIVISION S
E
O
CHEMISTRY FIREARMS POLYGRAPH FORENSIC F
DIVISION IDENTIFICATI DIVISION PHOTO L
ON DIVISION A
B
DIV
R
L E
A P
Assessment of specimen B O
Recording R R
E T
Issuance of Land Bank OP
P
Clientele pay the cost of O Assignment of case
examination at any Land Bank R number
office T Labeling of specimen
Conduct of examination
CDS Preparation of lab report

NOTE: Please refer to the duration of

examination
 THE EVIDENCE AND ITS USE
Technical Branch Person /Specimen
Submitted
Dactyloscopy Weapons, various objects,
(Fingerprint fixed or movable taken from
Identification) of found at the crime scene.
Criminals, suspect,
complainants and other
persons who were at the
crime scene.
Known and unknown
deceased persons whose
identification is subject to
question; impostors, and of
legal entrants and aliens,
other identified persons.
Purpose of Examination
To develop, lift and preserve
latent prints
To compare prints taken from
such persons with the latent
prints developed and gathered
from the crime scene of from
objects taken at the crime
scene.
To establish identity from
prints taken from such person
that is compared with prints
on record.
 Technical Branch Person /Specimen Submitted
Forensic Chemistry Dangerous drugs, substances and
paraphernalia.
Blood and urine samples from
suspected drug users.
Victims and/or suspects in shooting
incidents.
Clothing of victims in shooting
incidents
Firearms
Explosives and explosive
ingredients.
Debris from bombing or explosive
ingredient.
Vomitus, human organs or
suspected poisonous substance.
Liquor, beverages, paints other
commercial products.
Purpose of Examination
To determine presence of
dangerous drugs.
To determine presence of alcohol
and the amount, if any.
To determine if the person fired a
gun or not.
To determine presence of
gunpowder residue and
approximate gunshot range.
To determine if the firearm was
fired or not.
To determine if substances are
explosive ingredients or not.
To determine presence of any
explosive residue or ingredients.
To determine presence and identify
any poisonous substances.
To compare with standard products
in cases of unfair competition by
fake manufacturers.
 Technical Branch Person /Specimen Purpose of
Submitted Examination
Forensic Photographs and To analyze
Photography photo related questioned
evidence photograph and
Crime scene photo compare with
requirement. known
photographs
To make
photographs or
videotapes record
of crime scene and
evidence found
therein.
 Technical Branch Person /Specimen Purpose of Examination
Submitted
Ballistics Bullet (s) To determine if bullet (s)
( Firearms Identification) Shell (s) extracted forma victim or
Firearm (s) recovered form a crime
scene came from
suspected firearms (s).
To determine the caliber,
type and make of firearm
from which a bullet or
shell was fired. If no
firearm was recovered.
To determine if bullet (s)
and/or shells came from
the same firearm.
To determine if the
firearms is serviceable or
not.
 Technical Branch Person /Specimen Submitted
Questioned Document Document
Handwriting, poison letters or
threats.
Typewritten letter threats and
poison letters, typewriter.
Paper bills, BIR, liquor
auxiliary labels and cigarette
stamps.
Checks and check writers
Secret Writings
Purpose of Examination
To determine if genuine of
forged.
To determine presence of
alterations, erasures,
superimpositions, inserted
entries and other cases of
defalcations and decipher
original entries.
To determine if genuine of not
and to identify the writer.
To determine the make and
model of typewriter and to
identify the machine used.
To determine whether
counterfeit or not.
To determine if genuine or not
and impressions if prepared if
check writer machine.
To decipher the writings.
 Technical Branch Person /Specimen Submitted
Medico-Legal Cadaver or corpse
(Forensic Medicine) Unidentified cadaver and skeletal
remains.
Victims of physical injuries.
Victims of crimes against chastity.
Suspected drug user or drunk person.
Blood stains and blood samples from
victims and suspects.
Seminal stains or semen and clothing
of rape victims.
Purpose of Examination
To determine cause of death
approximate tissue of death and
whether or not the case is a suicide, a
homicide or murder.
To determine identity through dental
charts, body deformities and other
body marks.
To determine extent of injuries
sustained and the compatibility of
wounds with alleged weapons.
To determine whether the victim is
still a virgin of not, as well as the
extent of injuries sustained, if any.
To determine is such person is under
the influence of dugs or alcohol.
To determine if the stain is blood; if it
is human blood or otherwise; if the
blood group is the same as that of
the victim or suspect.
To determine is stain is human semen
or not.
 Technical Branch Person /Specimen Purpose of Examination
Submitted
Polygraph Persons involved in To verify the
( Lie Detection) criminal cases as truthfulness of their
suspect. Victims, given statements and/or
witness, informer, etc. compare conflicting
depositions.
To obtain leads to the
facts of an offense,
location of stolen goods
or whereabouts of
wanted persons.
To obtain a fact after a
test indicates that a
person lied or tried to
cover up what he
knows.
 Technical Branch Person /Specimen Purpose of Examination
Submitted
Physical Identification Ashes and debris from To detect presence of any
(Trace Evidence) fire scene. flammable substance
Hairs, fibers, cordages, that could have caused
paint chips or scrapping, fire.
metal fragments, soils To establish probable
and glass fragments. source.
Motor engines, chassis, To detect/restore the
firearms and other metal original serial number
objects with tampered and determine or
serial numbers and other establish the real owner.
marks. To compare with shoe,
Shoeprint, tire tire or tool in the
impressions, toolmarks. possession of the
Ink, Paper. suspect.
To determine type and
probable age.
 PRESENT SOCO FLOW CHART
START

- Request 1 Receiving Officer Receiving Logbook

-Directive from Receive and Evaluate Request
Higher
Headquarters

2 ADO ADO -Chief, SOCO

-SOCO
Mobilize and Dispatch SOCO -Duty Detail

3 SOCO Team 4 SOCO Team

Secure, collect, preserve and After SOCO Report

document evidence

5 SOCO Team After SOCO Report

Monitor and Supervise/consolidate
and submit report

6 ADO 7 Dir, Crime Lab

Review and endorse report Notation

8 ADO

File and maintain records

START
 VIDEO
PRESENTATION
thank you!