PR DISTRIBUSI NORMAL

1. A large shipment of books contains 2% which have imperfect bindings.

Calculate the probability that out of 400 books,
a) exactly l0 will have imperfect bindings (using two different approximations);
b) more than l0 will have imperfect bindings (choosing one of the
approximations for this calculation).

2. It is known that 3% of the plastic parts made by an injection molding

machine
are defective. If a sample of 30 parts is taken at random from this machines
production, calculate:
a) the probability that exactly 3 parts will be defective.
b) the probability that fewer than 4 parts will be defective.
Do a) and b) using: (1) binomial distribution, (2) Poisson approximation,
and (3) normal approximation.
c) If the sample size is increased to 150 parts use the normal and Poisson
approximations to calculate the probability of:
1) more than 5 defectives
2) between 6 and 8 defectives, inclusive.
3. The managers of an electronics firm estimate that 70% of the new products
they market will be successful.
a) If the company markets 20 products in the next two years, calculate using the
binomial formulae and using the normal approximation:
(i) the probability that exactly four new products will not be successful;
(ii) the probability that no more than four new products will not be
successful.
b) If the company markets 100 products over the next five years, what is the
probability of:
(i) more than 15 unsuccessful products?
(ii) more than 70 but less than 85 successful new products?
4. Under certain conditions twenty percent of piglets raised in total confinement
will die during the first three weeks after birth. Consider a group of 20 newborn
piglets.
a) Calculate the probability that exactly 10 piglets will live to three weeks of
age. Do by:
(i) Binomial distribution
(ii) Poisson approximation
(iii) Normal approximation.
b) Calculate the probability that no more than 15 piglets will live to three weeks
of age. Do by:
(i) Binomial distribution
(ii) Poisson approximation
(iii) Normal approximation.
c) For both parts (a) and (b), discuss the validity of the approximations to the
binomial distribution.
5. A city installs 2000 electric lamps for street lighting.
These lamps have a mean burning life of 1000 hours with
a standard deviation of 200 hours. The normal
distribution is a close approximation to this case.
a) What is the probability that a lamp will fail in the first
700 burning hours?
b) What is the probability that a lamp will fail
between 900 and 1300 burning hours?
6. In another city 2500 electric lamps are installed
for street lighting. The lamps come from a
different manufacturer and have a mean burning
life of 1050 hours. We know from past experience
that the distribution of burning lives approximates
a normal distribution. The 250th lamp fails after
819 hours. Approximately what is the standard
deviation of burning lives for this set of lamps?
7. The strengths of individual bars made by a certain
manufacturing process are approximately
normally distributed with mean 28.4 and standard deviation 2.95
(in appropriate units). To ensure safety, a customer requires at
least 95% of the bars to be stronger than 24.0.
a) Do the bars meet the specification?
b) By improved manufacturing techniques the manufacturer can
make the bars more uniform (that is, decrease the standard
deviation). What value of the standard deviation will just meet
the specification if the mean stays the same?