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Bellwork 24 Jan 2017

Match the following organelles to their function.

1) Nucleus a) site of energy conversion


2) Mitochondria b) site of protein production
3) Cytoplasm c) important for cell division
4) Chloroplast d) sorts and packages materials
5) Ribosome e) location of DNA
6) Centriole f) jelly-like fluid providing support
7) Golgi body g) site of carbohydrate production
Todays objective: to classify and describe cells as prokaryotic and
eukaryotic.
Bellwork 25 Jan 2017
1)What are the 8 characteristics of life?

2)What are some characteristics of viruses?


Bacteria? Are they living? Why or why not?

Todays objectives: to differentiate between cells and viruses; to


investigate the types of bacteria growing in various parts of campus.
27 Jan 2017
1.Work on your organelle project. Be sure to
include:
a.A picture of the organelle
b.Description of its function
c.Which cell type(s) it is found in (prokaryote;
eukaryote, plant, animal, fungus)
d.What job the organelle would have if the whole cell
was a factory

2.Cell Defense!
Go to the following webpage and complete the module:
http://tinyurl.com/govdvv5
Cell Types
Early Contributions
Robert Hooke 1st to see cells; looked at cork and
noted "a great many boxes. (1665)

Anton van Leeuwenhoek - Observed living cells in


pond water, which he called "animalcules" (1673)
Theodore Schwann - zoologist who observed
tissues of animals had cells (1839)

Mattias Schleiden - botanist, observed tissues of


plants contained cells ( 1845)

Rudolf Virchow - reported that every living thing


is made of up vital units, known as cells; predicted
that cells come from other cells (1850 )
The Cell Theory
1) Every living organism is
made of one or more cells.

2) The cell is the basic unit of


structure and function. It is
the smallest unit that can
perform life functions.

3) All cells arise from pre-


existing cells.

*Why is the Cell Theory


called a Theory and not a
Fact?
Cell Features
ALL cell have these parts
Ribosomes make protein for use by the
organism
Cytoplasm fluid material within cell
DNA genetic material
Cytoskeleton internal framework of cell
Cell Membrane outer boundary, some things
can cross the cell membrane
Comprehension Checkpoint
Answer true or false

1.Robert Hooke was the first person to see cells.


2.Bacteria cells have a cell membrane.
3.The Cell Theory was developed by a single scientist.
4.Plant cells have cytoplasm.
5.Cells taken from fungi do not have DNA.
6.Cells can only come from pre-existing cells.
7.It only took five years to develop the Cell Theory.
Prokaryotic Cells
The first cells to inhabit the earth
Simple cells
These cells do NOT have a nucleus, their DNA is
circular and floats in the cytoplasm
Ex: bacteria

Some bacteria have


a tail-like structure
called a flagella, that
helps it to move.

A capsule surrounds
some bacteria and helps
them avoid the bodys
immune system
Bacteria Images

Bacteria that causes Anthrax


Eukaryotic Cells
Cells found in plants, animals, protists,
and fungi

The cell is composed of 4 main parts:


1.Cell membrane
2.Cytoplasm
3.Nucleus control center of cell,
houses DNA
4.Organelles small structures that carry
out specific functions (little organs)
Nucleus
Usually found at center of cell
Has a nuclear membrane & nuclear pores
Contains cells DNA in one of 2 forms
o chromatin - DNA bound to protein (non-dividing cell)
o chromosomes - condensed structures seen in
dividing cell
Also contains an organelle called nucleolus - which
makes the cells ribosomes
Cell Organelles
Mitochondria the cells energy center; turns
food into a chemical energy called ATP

The mitochondria is sometimes called the


powerhouse of the cell
Cell Organelles
Golgi Apparatus processes, packages and
secretes proteins

*A vesicle forms with


Golgi to transport
substances outside
cell.
Cell Organelles
Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes,
breaks things down, "suicide sac

Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transport; "intracellular
highway"
-Rough ER contains many
ribosomes; protein synthesis
-Smooth ER ribosomes not
found on surface; lipid synthesis
Cytoskeleton Helps cell maintain
support & shape; movement

a. microtubules-hollow structures; also


help build cilia and flagella

b. microfilaments-threadlike

c. centrioles-only in animal cells; used during


cell division (paired)
Vacuole storage area for water and other
substances, plant cells usually have a large
central vacuole
Protein Production
The cell is like a factory. Its product is protein which
goes to body to serve different functions.

1.DNA has instructions to build protein


2.These instructions are sent to ribosomes
3.The ribosomes build protein and send it through ER
4.The proteins are delivered to golgi where they are
completed and tagged for export outside cell
THE ANIMAL CELL
Cells Seen Through Microscope
Plant Cells
Have additional structures
CELL WALL surrounds membrane & provides
additional support
CHLOROPLASTS contain green pigment,
function in photosynthesis
CENTRAL VACUOLE large water container
in center of cell
PLANT CELL

Can you identify


the parts?
Anacharis Cells Viewed With a
Microscope
Animal Cell vs Plant Cell
Organelles With DNA
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA

ENDOSYMBIOSIS THEORY: eukaryotic cells evolved


when prokaryote cells engulfed or absorbed other cells
CELL MEMBRANE
Selectively permeable; regulates what comes into
the cell and what leaves the cell

Composed of a double layer of phospholipids with


proteins embedded throughout
Video

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