CHAPTER 4

THEME: MATTER IN
NATURE
THE VARIETY OF NATURAL
RESOURCES ON EARTH
 AIR

WHAT ARE THE

NATURAL
RESOURCES ON
EARTH THAT YOU
KNOW?

SAND WATER
4.1 THE RESOURCES ON EARTH
FIND THE MEANING
1. Fossil fuels =
2. Inorganic =
3. Minerals
4. Resources =
5. Stay alive =
6. Sustain life=
THE RESOURCES ON EARTH
1. Example of natural resources:
Air
Water
Soil
Mineral
Fossil fuels
2. Minerals are inorganic substances found naturally on
land and seas. Some of the examples are iron, lead,
silver and gold.
3. Minerals are required by our body to ensure proper
functioning of our system.
4. Plants need minerals for healthy
growth.
5. Fossil fuels are formed from the
remains of plants and animals that died
million years ago. It includes petroleum,
natural gas and coal.
Try these..
4.2 Elements, Compounds and
Mixtures.
Matter can be found in the form of
elements, compounds and mixtures.

Elements
Made up of only one type of particle.
Element cannot be broken down into
any simpler substance by any means.
 Can be liquids, solid or
Elements gases at room
temperature

Made up of only one type of particle.

Element cannot be broken down into
any simpler substance by any means.
Examples:
Particle A
Copper + Particle A = Element A

Carbon
Gold particle + Gold particle = Gold
Iron
Gold Iron particle + Iron particle = Iron
Sulphur
Aluminium
oxygen
 Compound
A substance that is made up of two or more
elements combined chemically.
A compound cannot be separate physically.
It can be separated by chemical methods such
as electrolysis.
Example:
Water
Carbon dioxyde
Sodium chloride
 Particle A + Particle B = Compound

Oxygen particle + Hydrogen =

particle Water

Carbon Hydrogen + Oxygen = Sugar

+
particle particle particle
 Mixture
A mixture is a substance that is made up
of two or more elements or compounds
combined physically.
The components of a mixture can be
separated physically
Examples are air, soil, and petroleum.
Some methods of separating mixtures in
laboratory include filtration, using a
magnet, evaporation,
 Mixture
Element A + Element B

OR
Element A + Compound C
OR Physically
combine
Compound C + Compound D
 Airrespiration
Waterturgidity of cell
Soil..organic substances
Living thingsfuel.. Food

Atom element
Compoundmolecule
mixture
 METAL AND NON-METAL
Elements can be divided into metals and non-metals.
Differences between metal and non-metal:
Characteristic Metal Non-metal
Appearance Shiny Dull

Hardness Hard Soft

Ductility Ductile Non-ductile

Malleability Malleable Non-malleable

Conductivity of Good conductor of heat Poor conductor of heat

heat
Conductivity of Good conductor of electricity Poor conductor of electricity
electricity
Boiling point High Low

Melting point High Low

 To Appreciate the Importance of
Earths Resources.

1. Air
Oxygen is needed for respiration
Carbon dioxide is needed for
photosynthesis
2. Soil
Provides minerals and water for plants
It is the habitat for many living things.
Humans use soil in agriculture, construction
and manufacturing.
3. Water
It is needed for the body to function
It helps to maintain the shape and support
aquatic animals and plants
Used for drinking, washing and cooking.
Used in agriculture and generation of
electricity
4. Minerals
Help I healthy growth of Man, animals and
plants
Used to make utensils, electrical products
and jewellery
5. Fossil Fuels
A source of energy that provides light and
heat
Used for cooking and to power motor
vehicles.
6. Living Things
Provide us with food, clothing, labour and
companionship.
Plants provide oxygen to animals and
animals provide carbon dioxide to plants
 PRESERVATION AND
CONSERVATION

Preservation means maintaining the

earths resources in their original state.

Conservation means using the earths

natural resources wisely and not in a
wasteful manner.