POPULATION

Population is a group of individuals of the

same species living in a specified geographic
area.
-Changes in populations occur
as a result of three demographic processes:
fertility (births), mortality (deaths), and
migration.
Philippine Population as of
2010:

92, 337, 852

www.census.gov.ph

As of 2015 (Unofficial):

100, 981, 437

www.psa.gov.ph
Demographics
Demographic Process
Fertility
Mortality
Migration
 Fertility
Is the actual level of childbearing for an
individual or a population.
Based on biological capability alone, most
women could produce 20 or more children
during their childbearing years.
Fecundity is the potential number of children
who could be born if every woman
reproduced at her maximum biological
capacity.
 Fertility
The most basic measure of fertility is the
crude birth rate the number of live births
per 1,000 people in a population in a given
year.
This measure is referred to as a crude birth
rate because it is based on the entire
population and is not refined to incorporate
significant variables affecting fertility, such as
age, marital status, religion, and
race/ethnicity.
 Mortality

The incidence of death in a population.

The simplest measure of mortality is the crude
death rate the number of deaths per 1,000
people in a population in a given year.
 Mortality
Life expectancy is an estimate of the
average lifetime in years of people born in a
specific year.
It varies by sex and race
Infant mortality rate is the number of
deaths of infants under 1 year of age per
1,000 live births in a given year.
 Migration
Is the movement of people from one
geographic area to another for the purpose of
changing residency.
It affects the size and distribution of the
population in a given area.
Migration may be either international
(movement between two nations) or internal
(movement within national boundaries.
 Migration
Density is the number of people living in a
specific geographic area. In urbanized areas,
density may be measured by the number of
people who live per room, per block, or per
square mile.
Distribution refers to the physical location of
people throughout a geographic area.
 Migration
Migration involves two types of movement:
immigration and emigration.
Immigration is the movement of people into
a geographic area to take up residency.
Emigration the movement of people out of a
geographic area to take up residency
elsewhere.
 Migration
People migrate either voluntarily or
involuntarily.
Pull factors at the international level, such as a
democratic government, religious freedom,
employment opportunities, or a more
temperate climate, may draw voluntary
immigrants into a nation.
 Migration
Push factors at the international level, such as
political unrest, violence, war, famine,
plagues, and natural disasters, may encourage
people to leave one area and relocate
elsewhere.
Urbanization
 Urbanization is the process by which an
increasing proportion of a population lives in
cities rather than in rural areas.

The Causes and Effects of Urbanization

Causes:
1. Industrialization
2. Social Factors
3. Employment opportunities
4. Modernization
Effects:
Positive Effects
1. Migration from rural to urban
2. Employment opportunities
3. Transport and communication
facilities
4. Educational facilities
5. Increase in standard of living
Extensive urbanization or indiscriminate
growth of cities may result in adverse
effects:

Problem of overpopulation
Cost of living
Increase in crime rates
Impersonal relations
Problem of Pollution
Stress
References:
http//www.wikipedia.com
Sociology In Our Times, Diana Kendall
Introduction to Environmental Science, Joel E. Unday