Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
of Individual Behavior
Chapter 2 1
Learning Objectives
Define key biographical characteristics
Identify two types of ability
Shape the behavior of others
Examine four schedules of reinforcement
Clarify the role of punishment in learning
Chapter 2 2
Biographical
Characteristics
Age
Chapter 2 3
Biographical
Characteristics
Gender
Chapter 2 4
Biographical
Characteristics
Marital Status
Chapter 2 5
Biographical
Characteristics
Tenure
Chapter 2 6
Intellectual Abilities
Number aptitude
Verbal comprehension
Perceptual speed
Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Spatial visualization
Memory ability
Chapter 2 7
Basic Physical Abilities
Chapter 2 8
The Ability-Job Fit
Abilities of the
employee
Requirements of
the job
Chapter 2 9
Classical Conditioning
Chapter 2 10
Chapter 2 11
Operant Conditioning
Chapter 2 12
Chapter 2 13
Social Learning Theory
Learn by observing others and through direct experiences
Attentional Reconize
Retention Remember
Motor Reproduction Do
Chapter 2 14
Positive Negative
Reinforcement Reinforcement
Methods of
Shaping Behavior
Punishment Extinction
Chapter 2 15
Types of Reinforcement
Continuous Intermittent
Reinforces desired Reinforces desired
behavior every time behavior often
enough to make
behavior worth
repeating
Chapter 2 16
Schedules of Reinforcement
Interval Ratio
Fixed- Fixed-
Interval Ratio
Variable
Variable- Variable-
Interval Ratio
Chapter 2 17
Behavior Modification:
Emery Air Freight
Chapter 2 18
Behavior Modification
Critical behaviors
Baseline data
Behavioral consequences
Intervention strategy
Performance improvement
Chapter 2 19
Organizational Applications
Lotteries to reduce absenteeism
Well pay versus sick pay
Training programs
Mentoring programs
Chapter 2 20