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MELLITUS
MOHD WAFIY ARIFFIN BIN
ANWAR
1090273
Review of Anatomy and
Physiology
PANCREAS
HORMONES:
? ? ? ? ? ??
Clinical Manifestations ( Signs and Symptoms)
- Polyuria - weakness
- Polydipsia - fatigue
- Polyphagia - blood sugar / glucose level
- weight loss - (+) glucose in urine (glycosuria)
- nausea / vomiting
Diagnostics
Interventions for Diabetes Mellitus
A.Dietary Management
INSULIN SHOCK
HYPERGLYCEMIC, HYPEROSMOLAR,
NONKETOTIC (HHONK) COMA
DAWN PHENOMENON
D.K.A.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
NO INSULIN
OSMOTIC
DEHYDRATION MARKED HYPERGLYCEMIA
Goals of therapy
Correct dehydration.
Correct acidosis and reverse ketosis.
Restore blood glucose to near normal.
Avoid complications of therapy.
Identify and treat any precipitating event.
CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES
MILLETUS
DEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN THE
VASCULAR SYSTEM
UNDERNOURISHMENT
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
NEUROPATHY FROM:
VASCULAR INSUFFICIENCY
HYPERGLYCEMIA
EYE COMPLICATIONS FROM ANOXIA
CATARACT
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
RETINAL DETACHMENT
Hypothyroidism
Physiology
In utero:
Small amount of thyroxine deliver to fetous
Fetal thyroid predominantly produce inactive T3
After birth:
TSH , T3 and T4.
TSH after several weeks to normal adult level
Preterm may have low T4 for several weeks, TSH normal range
Its important for
brain dev. and intellectual f(x) during prenatal and early post-natal.
For bones and foetal lungs.
Overview
Common : 1/4000
In Malaysia, 1/3666