Basic

Communication
Process
 1.
Communication
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the act or process of using words,

sounds, signs, or behaviors to express
or exchange information or to express
your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to
someone else
Merriam -Webster
 4

.a universal function of humankind,

independent of any place, time or
context.

(Ruesch, 1961)
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.is about the reciprocal process in

which messages are sent and received
between two or more people.
(Balzer-Riley, 2004)
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Verbal or nonverbal
Here you have
Verbal a list
with of items
words
Nonverbal without words
Types of And some text
Communication ButWritten
remember not to overload your slides
/ Oral
with content
Written -
Oral
Your audience will listen to you or read the
content, but wont
Formal do both.
/ Informal
Formal
Informal
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Process of
Communication
 8

Process of Noise

communication
Barrers for
effectve
communcaton
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Social
Psychological
Barriers
Cultural
Physiological,
System design
Physical
 Gender
Age
Social Barriers
Race
National or Cultural Origin
Socioeconomic Class
Education Level
Urban or Rural Residence
 Perception, Viewpoint, Attitudes, Opinions
Psychological State of health
Barriers Resistance to change
Personality/Status of the communicator
Lack of attention
Poor retention
Distrust and Defensiveness
 Semantic / Problems: Distortion in
Cultural communication comes from
Barriers semantics- the use of words or
expressions which have a different
meaning for the sender or receiver.
Created when communicators use
technical jargon- usage common to a
particular field or specialization.
 Language
Cultural Different languages, dialect,
Barriers individual linguistic ability, use of
difficult words, inappropriate words,
pronunciation
Norms and values
Belief
Social practices and traditions
 Individuals personal discomfort
Physiological ill health, poor eye sight, hearing
Barriers difiiculties
Speech and voice defect, feeling of
inferiority, diseases, physical appearance, lack
of skill.
 Organisational Structure -
unclear, to whom to communicate,
System Design
Insufficient or inappropriate information
systems
Information overloaded
A lack of clarity in roles and responsibilities
A lack of supervision or training
Physical Distractions
Noise (Co-workers, Doors, etc.)
Barriers Photographer

Cont.. Any announcements

Instruction Sheet
Tea
Late Comers
Physical Setting of Classroom/ Lecture Hall
Sitting Arrangement
Audio-Visual Aids
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Thanks!
Any questions?