INSULATORS

TYPES, CONSTRUCTION &

FITTINGS
WHAT IS AN INSULATOR ?

IT IS A MATERIAL WHICH DOES NOT

PERMIT FLOW OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
THROUGH IT.

GOOD INSULATOR HAS GOOD

DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES.
 WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF
DIELECTRICS USED FOR INSULATION IN
ELECTRIC SYSTEM?

SOLID DIELECTRICS
LIQUID DIELECTRICS
GASEOUS DIELECTRICS
 SOLID DIELECTRICS: EX: PVC, BAKELITE,
MICA, PAPER, PORCELAIN, GLASS, SYNTHETIC
RESIN, COMPOSITE POLYMERS

LIQUID DIELECTRICS: EX: OIL

GASEOUS DIELECTRIC EX: COMPRESSED

AIR, SF 6
CLASSIFICATION OF INSULATION
-Based on Area of application
- INTERNAL INSULATION

INTERNAL SOLID, LIQUID OR GASEOUS PARTS OF

INSULATION OF EQUIPMENT WHICH ARE PROTECTED
FROM THE EFFECTS OF ATMOSHERIC AND OTHER
EXTERNAL CONDITIONS.

EX: INSULATION BETWEEN TWO WINDINGS OF A

TRANSFORMER, BETWEEN TWO POLES OF A BREAKER.
 - EXTERNAL INSULATION
THE DISTANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC AIR AND SURFACES IN
CONTACT WITH ATMOSPHERIC AIR OF SOLID INSULATION
OF THE EQUIPMENT WHICH ARE SUBJECTED TO DIELECRIC
STRESSES AND TO THE EFFECTS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND
OTHER EXTETNAL CONDITIONS SUCH AS POLLUTION,
HUMUDITY ETC.
EX: AIR GAPS BETWEEN PHASE AND GROUND INSULATION.
INSULATOR STRINGS, OUTDOOR TRANSFORMER.
ISOLATOR, CIRCUIT BREAKER. EXPOSED TO ATMOSPHERIC
CONTAMINATION.
 INSULATIONS ARE ALSO
CLASSIFIED AS :
- SELF RESTORING INSULATION

INSULATION WHICH COMPLETELY RECOVERS ITS INSULATING

PROPERTIES AFTER A DISRUPTIVE DISCHARGE
EX: AIR, SF 6, SURFACE OF CERTAIN SOLID DIELECTRICS

- NON SELF RESTORING INSULATION

INSULATION WHICH LOSES ITS INSULATING PROERTIES, OR DOES

NOT RECOVER THEM COMPLETELY, AFTER A DISRUPTIVE
DISCHARGE

EX: SOLID & LIQUID DIELECTRICS

 OUT DOOR INSULATION

PORCELAIN AND GLASS INSULATORS

ARE BEST SUITED FOR OUT DOOR
INSULATION BECAUSE OF THEIR
UNIQUE PROPERTIES
 WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF
INSULATORS USED IN HIGH VOLTAGE SYSTEM

- STRING INSULATORS EX: DISC INSULATOR,

LONG ROD

- BUS BAR & APPARATUS INSULATORS

- EX: RIGID PIN & POST INSULATORS, HOLLOW
PORCELAIN

- ELECTRIC TRACTION EX: STAY ARM,

BRACKET, POST INSULATOR ETC.
 WHAT IS A DISC INSULATOR?

AN INSULATOR CONSISTING OF A PORCELAIN PART WITH

NECESSARY INTERCONNECTING METAL WORK TO ENABLE
IT TO BE FLEXIBLY ATTACHED TO OTHER STRING
INSULATOR UNITS.

EXAMPLE
EMS Rating: 45 kN, 70 kN, 90 kN, 120 kN, 160 kN, 210 kN, 320 kN
etc
Shed profile: Normal & Antifog
Coupling: T & C, B & S
DISC INSULATOR DRAWING
 WHAT IS AN INSULATOR STRING?

ONE OR MORE CONNECTED UNITS INTENDED TO GIVE

FLEXIBLE SUPPORT TO OVER HEAD LINE CONDUCTOR AND
STRESSED MAINLY IN TENSION

EX: 66 kV, 132 kV, 220 kV, 400 kV, 765 kV

NUMBER OF DISCS IN A STRING ?
SYSTEM SUSPENSION DISC RATING TENSION DISC RATING
VOLTAGE STRING STRING

66 kV 6 45 kN 6 70 kN

132 kV 9/10 70 kN 10 120 kN

220 kV 14/15 70/90 kN 15 120 kN

400 kV 23 120 kN 23/24 160 kN

765 kV 40/35 120 kN/210 35 210 kN

kN
SUSPENSION
INSULATOR
STRING
TENSION INSULATOR STRING
WHAT IS A POST INSULATOR?

A POST INSULATOR UNIT IS A

CONSTTITUENT PART OF A
POST INSULATOR AND
CONSISTS OFA PERMANENT
ASSEMBLY OF ONE OR MORE
INSULATING PARTS
COMPLETE WITH OTHER
METALLIC PART TO
FACILITATE ATTACHMENT
TO IT

EX: 11 kV, 22 kV, 33 kV, 66 kV,

132 kV, 220 kV
POST INSULATOR DRAWING
SOLID CORE INSULATOR
DRAWING
WHAT IS A HOLLOW INSULATOR?

A HOLLOW INSULATOR
CONSISTS OF A SINGLE
INSULATING ELEMENT OR OF
SEVERAL PARTS
PERMANENTLY JOINED
TOGETHER.

EX: 11 kV, 22 kV, 33 kV, 66 kV,

132 kV, 220 kV, 440 kV
SUPPORT INSULATOR
THANK YOU