12.

Mobile Backhaul
Synchronization
 Mobile Backhaul - Key Market Trends
Enhanced user experience demands higher-speed data rates
HSPA the killer application for mobile backhaul Flat rate
Installed Worldwide cell site connections will grow from 3M in 2008 to 4.2M in 2011
The vast majority of today installed cell sites are T1/E1 based
Many of the cell sites cant be upgraded to Ethernet
Ethernet to the cell site will be required in order to support future NodeB / eNB (LTE)
4G (LTE, WiMax) technology standardization is in final stage of the approval process
Will take 3-4 years until mass deployment
Many operators will use PW as IP solution until LTE availability in order to skip one hardware upgrade phase
Access is definitely the bandwidth bottleneck
PDH/TDM is not a scalable solution
Backhaul networks migrating to Ethernet
The mobile RAN is migrating from
TDM and ATM to IP/ETH
All IP RAN evolution will happen
gradually and not in one step
2G/3G Base Stations will co-exist for
a long time with 3G taking over gradually
Base Stations with TDM/ATM I/Fs
will stay for at last 3~5 years

Source: Infonetics Research Mobile Backhaul Equipment,

Installed Base & Services, October 2008
TDM Backhaul Hits the Breaking Point
Ethernet Solutions for CellSource:
Backhaul
T-Mobile Europe

Capacity requirements grow

E1/T1 costs grow linearly
Need to decouple cost and capacity
Ethernet is more efficient over any media
HSPA Base Stations come
with Ethernet ports
Ethernet enables scalable, flexible, lower cost
per bit bandwidth to the cell site:
Optimized for data Migration to Ethernet
Convergence
WiMAX and 4G in general
 Migrating to Ethernet Transport - MEF Use Cases
Hybrid RAN/HSPA Offload -
Enables phased migration to
Ethernet while:
Utilizing low cost and available
broadband technology for
transporting HSPA traffic

Packet offload over Carrier Ethernet (HSPA offload)

Overlay Carrier Ethernet does bandwidth offloading onto Ethernet services
Legacy network continues to transport voice and deliver timing/signaling
Voice services are migrated onto Ethernet in a later phase

Big Bang

Emulation over Carrier Ethernet (legacy services over Ethernet)

RAN nodes with legacy interfaces transport all traffic over Ethernet services using
emulation technologies from Day 1
 Pseudo-Wire => the Packet-based RAN Migration Enabler
For the next few years the vast majority of cell site connections will be based on T1/E1
interfaces
About 1/3 of overall cell sites are collocated 2G/3G sites
Growing demand for Ethernet connectivity to high capacity cell sites
The amount of bandwidth per cell site is estimated to grow by 3x to 4x over time
New 3G and 4G NodeB will use Ethernet interfaces
Most additions of 3G cell sites will take place in existing 2G cell sites
Operators use existing foot print of 2G cell sites
All traffic originating from the cell site will be carried over Ethernet using PWE3 gear

Use PWE3 gear with

Use PWE3 gear to serve advanced functionality
collocated 2G/3G sites (Ethernet Link/Services OA&M and PM)

PWE3 CPE will become an

Ethernet Demarcation Device
 Widespread Agreement on the
Need for Pseudo-Wires (PW)
Major operators are deploying PW solutions at the cell site and
it plays an important role in the evolution of mobile backhaul networks to
IP/Ethernet
Some of the operators that announced PW deployment in 2007: T-Mobile,
Telecom Italia, Swisscom, Taiwan Mobile, and eMobile (Japan)
Standardisation is almost accomplished, including 1588-2008
Precision Time Protocol
For most carriers its not a question of if but a question of where
and when

Emulated TDM/ ATM/HDLC PW Service

BTS
BSC
TDM
E1
ETH ETH
ATM/IMA ATM RNC

Carrier Ethernet
NodeB PWE3 Cell
ETH Site Device RAN
PWE3 IP
G.823/824/8261 Gateway
Compliant aGW
Clock
R5/LTE/
WiMax
PWE3 CPE Will Become an Ethernet Demarcation Device
Monitoring SLA Over 3rd Party Transport Networks

Ethernet Link OA&M: Discovery,

Subscriber Network Link Monitoring, Remote Failure Indication, Network PWE3 Subscriber
Interface Interface
OAM and Loopback Interface GW Interface
OAM OAM OAM
PWE3Access
Device

CE PE PSN Tunnel PE CE
AC AC
UNI UNI

Eth Link OAM Eth Link OAM

Ethernet Service OAM

PW OAM

Ethernet demarcation features enable:

End to End Service Level Assurance
Ethernet QoS
Investment protection
PWE3 CPE of today will evolve to Ethernet Demarcation Device
Lower total cost of ownership
Fewer devices in the Cell Tower
 Highlights of Key Trends in Mobile Backhaul
Migration to IP/MPLS backhaul networks is inevitable
Drivers are RAN capacity growth, IP base stations and service evolution
Immediate OpEx savings and short ROI
Carriers will deploy Ethernet for 3G and 4G backhaul to realize significant cost advantages
and close the gap between mobile revenue and expense
Investment protection
Shifting to Ethernet Assurance and added value features
RAN Evolution versus Revolution
2G/3G Base Stations are collocated and will co-exist for a long time
with 3G taking over gradually
Migration to All IP RAN will happen gradually and not in one step
PW Mobile Backhaul solutions are picking up, becoming mainstream
Pseudo-Wire is the Packet-based RAN Migration Enabler
Field-proven with large deployments
PW Mobile Backhaul Solutions Available Today..for 2G, 3G, and Beyond
PW Mobile Backhaul over ANY packet transport network
 Typical 2G/3G RAN Backhaul Architecture
Radio Access Network

BTS

BSC
Abis
E1/ T1/ DXC
Abis ChSTM-1 A
E1/ T1/
ChSTM-1
E1/T1
TDM Leased Lines
Iub

RNC
ATM/IMA, n x E1/T1 E1/T1
ATM Iub
ChSTM-1
NodeB Switch
STM-1 Iu
ATM

Both 2G TDM and 3G ATM traffic are backhauled over TDM leased lines

Leased lines for backhaul today account for 20%-40%

of Mobile Operators Operational Expenses (OpEx)
 Key Requirements of Ethernet-based Backhaul
Meeting clocking/synchronization requirements
Compliant with G.823/824/8261
Low end-to-end delay must be maintained
Ethernet Service and Link OAM & PM
High Availability
Ensuring QoS of different traffic types
Voice, data, video, signaling, management, etc.
Traffic Optimization (TDM grooming, ATM aggregation, encapsulation
overhead reduction)
 GSM/UMTS Backhaul over PSN
PSN Tunnel Iub - ATM Pseudo-Wire
BTS Abis - CES Pseudo-Wire BSC

-1
E1/T1 / STM
WiMax Ab /T 1
ETH is E1 Abis
WiFi Carrier
ETH ETH
Ethernet/
MA ST
/ T1I MPLS M-
1 RNC
AT
NodeB E1 M
nx Iub
AXN10 PWE3 AXN PWE3 Iub
CPE Gateway

Supports all generations (GSM, EDGE, UMTS and HSPA) of mobile voice and data,
also WiMax and WiFi and even Enterprise Services
Preserves native features and signaling across packet networks
Meets strict clock synchronization requirements through Axerras
High-Precision Clock Recovery (HPCR)
As specified in ETSI TS 125 402 or 3GPP TS25.104
Ensures QoS of different traffic types such as voice, data, signaling, management,
etc.
Eliminates the need for expensive ATM switch
 HPCR High Precision Clock Recovery 15 PPB

BTS/NodeB
AXN
AXN10 PWE3 Gateway BSC/RNC
CPE
Carrier E1/T1/STM-1
E1/T1s
Ethernet/
MPLS

G.823/824/8261 HPCR
Compliant Clock Synchronization Information
High accuracy
Primary Reference
Source (PRS) clock

Complies with ITU-T G.823, G.824, G.8261

Designed to meet the clock synchronization requirements as
specified in ETSI EN 300 912 and TS 125 402 Synchronization in
UTRAN stage 2."

Tested and approved by major mobile equipment vendors

 Backhaul from Cell Site - HSPA Offload
2G BTS BSC

E1s/Ch STM-1
SDH/Leased Lines
ATM
1-2xT1/E1 for R99 Switch
Voice/Signalling
NodeB E1s/Ch STM-1 STM-1 ATM

T1/E1

AXN10 ETH
ETH/ATM RNC
PWE3 DSL + Ethernet or IP
HSDPA ADSL
or ATM
AXN PWE3
Gateway
Emulated ATM Circuits

The Hybrid approach:

R99 voice/data and signaling remain on traditional TDM leased lines
HSPA data traffic runs on Ethernet network possibly ADSL
Enables phased migration to Ethernet while:
Utilizing low-cost and available broadband technology for transporting HSDPA traffic
Lower quality Ethernet network needed
HPCR not needed: sync via SDH same as today
Lower cost savings, but possibly easier deployment
 Backhaul From Aggregation/Hubbing PoP
BTS/ Central Site (CO)
NodeB
LL BSC
Hubbing Site
nxCh.
STM-1
BTS/ nxE1/T1s PDH MW
ETH Carrier Ethernet/
NodeB ETH
IP/ MPLS
Transport
nxSTM-1
PmP ATM
AXN
BTS/ STM-1 ATM Gateway RNC
NodeB

Emulated TDM/ATM Circuits

The majority of cells will use TDM access for many years
About 75% of cells in 2009 will still be connected over Microwave and PDH/SDH
Today Tier 2 backhaul is done mainly with SONET/SDH but Ethernet/MPLS will follow to the
Aggregation PoPs
Carrier Ethernet and MPLS will be available in Aggregation PoPs much earlier than in the cells
Wireline and Wireless network unification plays a major factor
Provides major OpEx saving
Extends grooming to hub sites - 3/1/0 and VPI/VCI
 Multiple Services One Solution

MSC BSC
Pseudo-Wire Tunnel
Cell Site
T1/E1
BTS
ATM Ethernet TDM

FR/HDLC ATM/FR/HDLC
3G
GigE
Ethernet AXN Service RNC
EVDO
Ethernet
AXN
WiMAX Multiprotocol
Pseudo-Wires RNC

Axerra Service Supported Service Cell Site Interface MSC Interface Benefit
CES Pseudo-Wire AMPS, GSM, CDMA TDM: T1/E1, DS3/E3, TDM: T1/E1, DS3/E3, B/W gains from DS0
OC3/STM-1 OC3/STM-1, grooming
ATM Pseudo-Wire UMTS, HSDPA ATM & ATM IMA: T1/E1, ATM: T1/E1, DS3/E3, Stat-mux gains
DS3/E3, OC3/STM-1 OC3/STM-1 No ATM switch
needed in CO

HDLC Pseudo-Wire 1xRTT, EVDO HDLC: T1/E1, DS3/E3 HDLC: T1/E1, DS3/E3, Stat-mux gains
OC3/STM-1 HDLC data interface
FR Pseudo-Wire iDEN FR: T1/E1, DS3/E3 FR: T1/E1, DS3/E3, Stat-mux gains
OC3/STM-1 FR data interface
Ethernet switching EVDO, WiMAX, 4G Ethernet: FE Ethernet: GigE No need for TDM
interface on router
 Axerras Complete Product Family
AXN Product Portfolio of Access Devices and Gateways
Capacity
Scalable family of platforms AXN1600N
1000
1 to 1000 E1/T1 capacity E1/T1
Carrier Class Reliability
AXN800
Multiservice Pseudo-Wire
CES + Layer 2 Pseudo-Wire
Pseudo-Wire flexibility AXN10
AXN1
Axerra-owned code
E1/T1 1
Software-based architecture
5 patents + 1 pending CPE/Cell Site MTU PoP/CO

Location

AXNVision
Point-and-Click provisioning

Performance Monitoring
Comprehensive Fault Management
Standards-based
 Axerras Unique Value Proposition
Single and robust platform supporting both Mobile Backhaul and Business
Service Delivery
Best-of-Breed Pseudo-Wire industry leader and solution provider
Enable leased line replacement such as PBX backhaul and converging legacy
services over PSN covering private line, FR, ATM, and HDLC services
Multiple Services One Solution
Beyond Circuit Emulation variety of Layer-2 Pseudo-Wire services
Scalable solution with modular and flexible platform
Supports all generations of mobile & business services
Robust and accurate adaptive clock recovery mechanism
Strong momentum with world class OEM and SI partners
Field proven