Fabric Spreading and Cutting Machines

Presented by:
Kundan Ganvir
Garment Manufacturing Process
Marker and Marker planning
Marker:
It is a long thin paper which contains all
necessary pattern pieces for different
sizes for a particular style of garments
The length also depends on-
Number of garments to be produced from
a spread lay
Length of cutting table
Production planning etc.
Purpose of Marker Making
For optimum utilization of fabric
Reduction of fabric wastage
Speeding up the production process
Get maximum number of pattern pieces from one lay of fabric
Spreading
Spreading The process of unwinding large rolls of fabric onto long, wide tables
in preparation for cutting each piece of garment
Types of Fabric spreading:
i. Flat Spreading
ii. Stepped Spreading
Precautions needed while spreading fabric:
i. Alignment of plies
ii. Elimination of fabric defects/flaws
iii. Correct ply direction
iv. Correct ply tension
v. Fabrics must be flat and free from any crinkle & crease
Spreading related Equipment
Tables
- Normal table
- Vacuum table Pinned Table

- Conveyor table
- Pinned table Vacuum Table
Fabric Loaders
Fabric weights/Clamps/Pins

Fabric Weights Fabric clamps Fabric Roll Loader

Spreading- Methods
Spreading

Machine
Manual
Assisted
Spreading
Spreading

Semi- Fully
Automatic Automatic
Manual Spreading Machines
Operating procedure:
Fabric is carefully pulled out with help of hands
Then, fabric is spread and cut to appropriate
requirements
Process is continued to form layers
Advantages:
Easy to operate
Low investment
Suitable for small scale garment industries
Limitations:
Speed limitation
Skilled labor required to operate
Chances of improper selvedge alignment
Small roll size
Semi-Automatic Spreading Machines
Operating Procedure:
Same as Manual Spreader
Movement along the table and fabric pulling can be
controlled by buttons
Advantages:
Fast and economical
Proper selvedge alignment
Ease to operate with electronic clutch
Limitations:
Fabric roll loading, cutting is still manual
Not suitable for large scale manufacturing houses
Small roll size
Fully Automatic Spreading Machines
Features:
Automatic loading/unloading device for fabric rolls
Automatic roll turning arrangement for face to back
lay
Automatic leveling device for fabric edge alignment.
Automatic cutting device at the end of a run
Automatic tensioning device to control fabric
tension
Automatic lay height sensing elevator
Programmable lay length, ply height and step-laying
Spreading seeds up to 140 m/min
Cutting
Cutting It is the process which cut out the pattern pieces from specified fabric
for making garments
Types of Fabric cutting machines:
i. Manual, e.g. scissors, cutters
ii. Semi-automatic, e.g. Round knife cutter, band knife cutter, etc.
iii. Fully computerized, e.g. Laser, water jet, etc.
Precautions needed while spreading fabric:
i. Safety first, gloves, eye covers, clothing etc.
ii. Stability of fabric layers
iii. Care of cutting blades and machine
iv. Selecting correct type of cutting equipment for a cut
v. Precautions for heating of blades
Manual Cutting Equipment
Scissors
Are normally used when cutting only single or double plies
Laser guided scissors

Advantages:
Almost all types of cloths are cut by scissors
Very cheap

Limitations and disadvantages: Electric Scissors

Cannot be used for mass production

Cannot cut more than 2-3 piles of fabrics
Low speed
Impossible to work continuously for long hours

Decorative Edge scissors

 Semi-Automatic Cutting Equipment

Straight knife Round knife Band knife Notcher machine

Advantages
Comparatively cheap
Production speed is very good
Rough work can be easily done by hands
Disadvantages
Faulty knife could damage fabric layer
Knife required to change
Weight of the motor creates knife deflection
which may be creates faulty pieces
 Fully-Automatic Cutting Equipment

Computerized cutting Laser cutting machine Water-jet fabric cutting Plasma cutting machine
machine

Advantages Disadvantages
Cutting defects are less Very expensive machines
Less labor cost Very high on maintenance
Suitable for very large scale of production Not suitable for cutting multi level fabric
No need of marker paper (water-jet, laser)
Not suitable for synthetic fabric(laser cutting)
Thank You