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Velocity Potential(f)
Concept
Relevant Formulas
Examples
Relationship between stream function and velocity
potential
Complex velocity potential
IIT-Madras, Momentum Transfer: July 2005-Dec 2005
Stream Lines
Consider 2D incompressible flow
Continuity Eqn
Vx Vy Vz 0
t x y z
Vx
Vx Vy 0 Vy dy
x y x
Vx and Vy are related
Can you write a common function for both?
IIT-Madras, Momentum Transfer: July 2005-Dec 2005
Stream Function
Assume
Vx
y
Then
V x
2
Vy dy dy
x xy
2
dy
y x x
Instead of two functions, Vx and Vy, we need to solve
for only one function Stream Function
Order of differential eqn increased by one
dx dy dz
Vx Vy Vz
Vx y Dy
y Dy Time=t
Vx y Dx
Vy Vy
x x Dx
x
d
ROTATION z
Assume Vy|x < Vy|x+Dx
and Vx|y > Vx|y+Dy dt 2
IIT-Madras, Momentum Transfer: July 2005-Dec 2005
Rotation
To Calculate Rotation
Dy1
tan
Dx
Dy1 Vy x Dx
Dt Vy
x
Dt
Dy1
Dx
arctan
V y x Dx Vy
x
Dt
Dx
Similarly
arctan
Vx y Dy Vx y Dt
Dy
IIT-Madras, Momentum Transfer: July 2005-Dec 2005
Rotation
To Calculate Rotation
d 1
ROTATION z
t Dt t
lim
2 Dt 0 Dt
dt 2
V
y x Dx Vy
arctan x
Dt
V
x y Dy Vx
arctan
y Dt
Dx 1 Dy
1
lim lim
2 DDxt 0 0 Dt 2 Dt 0 Dt
Dx 0
Dy 0 Dy 0
For very small time and very small element, Dx, Dy
and Dt are close to zero
arctan
V
y
arctan
x Dx
Vy
x
Dt V y x Dx Vy
x
Dt
Dx Dx
V
y
arctan
x Dx
Vy
x
Dt V
y
x Dx
Vy
x
Dt
Dx Dx
lim lim
Dt 0
Dx 0
Dt Dt 0
Dx 0
Dt
Dy 0 Dy 0
IIT-Madras, Momentum Transfer: July 2005-Dec 2005
Rotation
To Calculate Rotation
lim
V y x Dx Vy
x
V y
Dx 0 Dx x
V
y x Dx Vy
arctan x
Dt V
x y Dy Vx
arctan
y Dt
Dx 1 Dy
1
z lim lim
2 DxDt00 Dt 2 DDxt
0
0 Dt
Dy 0 Dy 0
Simplifies to
1 Vy Vx
z
2 x y
1
z V
2
IIT-Madras, Momentum Transfer: July 2005-Dec 2005
Rotation in terms of Stream Function
To write rotation in terms of stream functions
Vx Vy
y x
1 Vy Vx 1
2 2
z 2 2
2 x y 2 x y
1
2
2
That is
2 2z 0
2 0
Vy Vx
0
x y
This equation is similar to continuity equation
Vx and Vy are related
Can we find a common function to relate both Vx
and Vy ?
Assume
f Then Vy Vx 2f 2f
Vx
x x y yx xy
f
Vy
y
If = constant, then d0
d dx dy
x y
Vy dx Vx dy
0 Vy
If = constant, then
dy Vy Vx
dx Vx
IIT-Madras, Momentum Transfer: July 2005-Dec 2005