GREAT EASTERN INSTITUTE OF

MARITIME STUDIES LONAVALA

SEMINAR ON PLC
BY
Cadt. S. R. Shankar
Cadt. Prosanjeet Sarkar
Cadt. Sagar Bandal
Cadt. Vinit Sharma
Cadt. Dipak kumar
CONTENTS
1. AUTOMATION
2. INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION COMPONENTS
3. MAJOR PARTS OF AUTOMATION
4. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS
5. INTRODUCTION OF PLC
6. ADVANTAGE OF PLC OVER RELAY STYLE
7. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PLC
8. ARCHITECTURE
9. TYPES OF PLC
10. SIGNALS
11. DISCRETE INPUT
12. PLC SYSTEM CONSISTS OF INPUTS
13. INPUTS DEVICES ANALOG
14. PLC OUTPUTS
15. HOW TO CONNECT THE DIGITAL I/P WITH PLC
16. ANALOG INPUT
17. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES IN PLC
18. How PLC works
19. PLC SCAN CYCLE
20. LADDER DAIGRAM OF STAR DELTA STARTER CKT
21. VARIOUS BRANDS OF PLC
22. ADVANTAGES OF PLC
23. CONCLUSION
24. REFFERENCE
 AUTOMATION
Automation is basically the delegation of human control
function to technical equipment for

Increasing Productivity
Increasing Quality
Reducing Cost
Increasing Safety in working conditions
it will take less time to run any project.
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
COMPONENTS

Field
Instruments
Controlling Hardware
Controlling Software
 MAJOR PARTS
OF AUTOMATION

AUTOMATION

PLC SCADA
Programmable Logic Supervisory Control &
Control Data Acquisition
(HARDWARE) (SOFTWARE)
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
CONTROLLERS

In 1970s with the coming of microprocessors and

associated peripheral chips, the whole process of
control and automation underwent a radical
change.
Instead of achieving the desired control or
automation through physical wiring of control
devices, in PLC it is achieved through a program
or say software.
 INTRODUCTION OF PLC
PLC is a solid state device or mini industrial
computer that performs discrete or sequential
logics in a factory environment.

Itwas originally developed to replace mechanical

relay, timers, counters. PLCS are successfully used
to execute complicated control operations.

Itspurpose to monitor crucial parameters &

adjust process operation accordingly
ADVANTAGE OF PLC
OVER RELAY STYLE
RELAY PLC

1-Hard wiring 1-Less wiring

2-Changes difficult 2-Easy modification

3-More power 3-Low power

4-More maintenance 4-Solid state reliability

5-Difficult to expand 5 -Ease of expansion

 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PLC

Input Output Modules

Central Processing Unit
Power Supply
Bus system
Programming Device IN CPU OUT m

MODULE

PROGRAM
DEVICE
ARCHITECTURE
5v dc
Inverter

Current limiting O/P high

Start resister

Stop
Opto coupler
S/W

Com

In case one diode is parallel to another diode in

opposite polarity. It can act as source or sink both
TYPES OF PLC

PLC

Non-
Modular
modular
SIGNALS

Signals
given to PLC

Digital
Analog
DISCRETE INPUT
Discrete type input modules recognize either
ON or OF Conditions.
They are totally isolated
from the CPU
24 Volt DC & 230Volt AC
PLC SYSTEM CONSISTS OF
INPUTS
Inputs - Discrete - On/Off type
Pushbuttons
Switches
Limit Switches
Selector Switches
Proximity sensors
Photo - electric sensors
 INPUTS DEVICES -
ANALOG
Resistance Temperature Detector
Thermo couple
Level sensor
Pressure Sensor
Flow sensor
 PLC
OUTPUTS

Solenoids
Relays - AC or DC powered
Contactors
Motor Starters
Indication Lights
Valves
Alarms
HOW TO CONNECT THE
DIGITAL I/P WITH PLC
 ANALOG INPUT

PLC works with continuous, or analog signals as well

as discrete.
Analog signals are used to represent changing values
such as speed, temperature, weight, and level
Signals range from 0-10 VDC or 4-20 mA
Module converts the analog signal to digital signal.
Precision of value depends on the module(8, 12 bit)
 PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES IN PLC
Ladder Logic ( LAD/LD )

Structured Text ( ST)

Instruction List ( IL )

Sequential Function Chart ( SFC )

Function Block Diagram ( FBD )

How PLC works
Inputfrom field devices
Discrete, analog input
Execution of the program
timers, counters, data manipulation
Output to the field devices
Discrete, analog output
PLC Scan
PLC SCAN CYCLE
LADDER DAIGRAM OF STAR DELTA STARTER CKT.
 VARIOUS BRANDS OF
PLC
AllenBradley USA
Siemens Germany
Modicon France
Mitsubishi Japan
GE Fanuc USA
Omron Japan
 ADVANTAGES OF PLC
Easier and faster system changes
Easier storage, archiving and documentation
Smaller in size
Reduced space
Energy saving
Economical
Greaterlife & reliability
Tremendous flexibility
Shorter project time
 DISADVANTAGES

1. LIMIT DESINE AND COST

OPERATION
2. FIXED CIRCUIT OPERATION
3. PLC MANUFACTURES ONLY SUPPLY
CLOSED ARCHITECTURE
CONCLUSION
 Reference
1. E. A. Parr, Industrial Control Handbook, Industrial
Press Inc., 1999 ISBN 0-8311-3085-7
2. M. A. Laughton, D. J. Warne (ed), Electrical
Engineer's Reference book, 16th edition,Newnes, 2003
Chapter 16 Programmable Control
3. Yanik, P. (2017, April 11). Fundamentals of
Programming. Cullowhee, NC, United States of
America.
4. Maher, Michael J. Real-Time Control and
Communications. 18th Annual ESD
5. Petruzella,, Frank D. (2005). "Programmable logic
controllers". Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
6. Iqbal, S. (2008). "Programmable Logic Controllers
(PLCs): Workhorse of Industrial Automation". 68-69.
IEEEP Journal: 273
ACKNOWLEDGMENT