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Pain Management
INTRODUCTION
assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of pain in various clinical
settings. Injury and surgery can cause acute pain. Some
orthopaedic conditions may be associated with persistent or chronic
pain that can significantly limit the patients functional status if not
adequately managed. Collaboration between orthopaedic surgeons
and other caregivers is required to providestate-of-the-art pain
management in patients requiring both acute and chronic care.
Elderly patients
has been a focus for guideline development. In 2009, the American
Geriatric Society updated its guideline for the pharmacologic
management of chronic pain in older persons, specifying risks and
benefits of different analgesics and outlining the role of opioid
analgesics in the treatment of pain
Opioid Therapy
The management of chronic pain with long-term opioid therapy
remains controversial, although some patients clearly benefit from
this treatment approach