ABDOMEN

Dr. Junhel C. Dalanon

General Description

The abdomen is a roughly cylindrical

chamber extending from the inferior
margin of the thorax to the superior
margin of the pelvis and the lower limb
Functions

I. Houses and protects major viscera

II. Breathing
III. Changes in intraabdominal pressure
Component Parts

I. Wall
II. Abdominal Cavity
III. Pelvic Inlet
Abdominal Wall

The abdominal wall consists partly of bone

but mainly of muscle
Abdominal Cavity

- Central gut tube is suspended from the

posterior abdominal wall
- Peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity
a. Parietal Peritoneum
b. Visceral Peritoneum
Topographical Divisions

I. Four Quadrant Pattern

II. Nine Region Pattern
Four Quadrant Pattern

1. right upper quadrant

2. left upper quadrant
3. right lower quadrant
4. left lower quadrant
Nine Region Pattern

1. Right Hypochondrium
2. Epigastric
3. Left Hypochondrium
4. Right Flank
5. Umbilical
6. Left Flank
7. Right Groin
8. Umbilical
9. Left Groin
Superficial Fascia of the
Abdominal Wall
I. Superficial Layer Campers Fascia
Dartos Fascia in men, continues over the
penis and scrotum
II. Deep Layer Scarpas Fascia
A. Fascia Lata fuses with deep fascia
of the thigh
B. Colles Fascia continues into the
anterior part of the perineum
Abdominal Wall Muscles

I. External oblique
II. Internal oblique
III. Transversus abdominis
IV. Rectus abdominis
V. Pyramidalis
Innervation

T7 to T12 and L1 spinal nerves

Blood Supply - Superficial

Superior Part of the Wall

- Musculophrenic Artery of the Internal Thoracic Artery

Inferior Part of the Wall

- Superficial Epigastric Artery of the Femoral Artery
- Superficial Circumflex Artery of the Femoral Artery
Blood Supply - Deep

Superior Part of the Wall

- Superior Epigastric Artery of the Internal Thoracic Artery

Lateral Part of the Wall

- 10th & 11th Intercostal Artery
- Subcostal Artery

Inferior Part of the Wall

- Inferior Epigastric Artery of the External Iliac Artery
- Deep Circumflex Artery of the External Iliac Artery
Groin

The groin (inguinal region) is the area of junction

between the anterior abdominal wall and the thigh. In
this area, the abdominal wall is weakened from
changes that occur during development and a
peritoneal sac or diverticulum, with or without
abdominal contents, can therefore protrude
through it, creating an inguinal hernia. This type
of hernia can occur in both sexes, but it is most common
in males.
Inguinal Canal

I. Deep Inguinal Ring

II. Superficial Inguinal Ring
III. Anterior Wall
IV. Posterior Wall
V. Roof
VI. Floor
VII.Contents
VIII.Spermatic Cord
Contents of the Inguinal Canal

I. Men - Spermatic Cord

II. Women
A. Round ligament of the uterus
B. Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
Contents of the Spermatic Cord

I. Ductus deferens
II. Artery to the ductus deferens
III. Testicular artery
IV. Pampiniform plexus of veins
V. Cremasteric artery and vein
VI. Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
VII.Sympathetic and visceral afferent nerve fibers
VIII.Lymphatics
IX. Remnants of the processus vaginalis
Abdominal Viscera

I. Peritoneum
II. Peritoneal Cavity
III. Omenta, Mesenteries, and Ligaments
Organs

I. Abdominal Esophagus
II. Stomach
III. Small Intestine
IV. Large Intestine
V. Liver
VI. Gall Bladder
VII.Pancreas
VIII.Spleen
Stomach
Intestines
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Spleen
Muscles of the Posterior
Abdominal Region
I. Psoas major
II. Psoas minor
III. Quadratus lumborum
IV.Iliacus