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Introduction to Chemistry 1
Chapter 1 Overview
An understanding of the history of chemical investigation.
The history of experimentation and scientific inquiry.
1.4 Classifying Matter According to Its State: Solid, Liquid, and Gas
A. Solid (fixed volume, incompressible) strongest attractive forces
1. Crystalline
2. Amorphous
B. Liquid- Medium inter molecular forces of attraction
1. Fixed volume
2. Fluid
C. Gas (lot if empty space)
1. Compressible
2. Fluid
3. No attractive forces
Classifying Matter Section 1.4
Numerical Side of Chemistry 2
Chapter Overview
A cornerstone of the chemical sciences, the manipulation of
numbers and their associated units. Measurement accuracies,
significant figures, rounding and scientific notation.
2.2, 2.4 Numbers in chemistryUnits and precision and accuracy in reporting it; Uncertainty in
measurement, last digit on the right is uncertain
Section 4.3
Separation of mixtures through physical changes
1. Decanting
2. Distillation
3. Filtration
Section 4.4 Energy
A. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
B. Units of energy and heat
1. Joule (J)
2. calorie (cal) (1 cal = 4.184J)
3. Calorie (Cal) (1Cal = 1000cal = 1kcal)
4. Kilowatt-hour (kWh)- - Will not be used in CHE100
Exothermic Process: Heat is Released by a system or process
Heat q = negative; Here products are lower energy than reactants
Endothermic Process: Heat is Absorbed by a system or process
Heat q = positive; Here products are HIGHER energy than reactants
Section 4.5 Heat, Specific heat
The specific heat of a substance is the quantity of heat required to change the temperature of 1 g of
that substance by 1C units J/gC
Specific heat of water very high
Specific heat of metals are low, hence are good conductors of heat
Heat = mass of substance X Sp. Heat X Change in temp
= M S DT
2 body problem Heat lost by hot object = heat gained by cold object
Bonus question: