PERTOLONGAN PERTAMA

PADA KORBAN TRAUMA

KASIH IBU HOSPITAL

 PRINSIP
D R A B C
DANGER
RESPONSE
AIRWAY
BREATHING
CIRCULATION
 DANGER
DIRI SENDIRI

ORANG LAIN

KORBAN
 RESPONSE
PANGGIL KORBAN
GUNCANG BAHU
CEK (PERIKSA)
KESADARAN
REAKSI
CALL (PANGGIL
BANTUAN)
CARE (TINDAKAN)
 AIRWAY
BUKA & BERSIHKAN
SNORING, GURGLING,
STRIDOR ANCAMAN
SUMBATAN

CLEARING AIRWAY
BACKWARD HEAD TILT
JAW THRUST/ CHIN
LIFT
 CHOKING
BLOCKAGE OF THE AIRWAY caused by
foreign body
SYMPTOMS: Cough forcefully; cannot
breathe / speak; panic; pale; neck hold
ACTION:
Check Airway
Back Slapping and/or Abdominal thrust
(Heimlich Maneuver)
 BACK SLAPPING
Stand beside and behind casualty
Place one hand on the chest
Lean casualty forward
Give sharp slap with heel of the hand
between shoulder blades
Attempt up to five times
Check the Airway & Alternate with Heimlich
Maneuver
 HEIMLICH MANEUVER
Stand behind casualty
Arms around abdomen
Casualty leaning forward
Clench fist & place on upper abdomen
Place other hand on top of the fist
Pull quickly inwards and upwards
Attempt up to FIVE times
Check Airway & Alternate with Back Slapping
 BREATHING
LOOK
LISTEN 10 SECONDS

FEEL
2 INITIAL
EFECTIVE
BREATHS
E A R
 CIRCULATION

CAROTID PULSE 10 SEC.

EXTERNAL BLEEDING

NO PULSE CPR
 CPR
Definition
- The Combination Of Mouth To Mouth
Breathing (EAR) And External Chest
Compressions

- Performed At A Rate Of
2 Breaths : 30 Compressions
 EXPIRED AIR RESUSCITATION
(mouth to mouth)
PLACE ONE HAND ON FOREHEAD &
PINCH THE NOSTRILS
POSITION ONE HAND ON THE CHIN
LIFT CHIN & OPEN THE MOUTH
TILT THE HEAD BACKWARD
TAKE A DEEP BREATH
PLACE & COVER YOUR MOUTH OVER
CASUALTYS MOUTH
BLOW SLOWLY AND
LOOK AT THE CHEST RAISING
KEEP HANDS ON THE SAME POSITION
CONTINUE WITH A FRESH BREATH

E A R RATE: 12 / 60 SECONDS
 EXTERNAL CHEST
COMPRESSION
Kneel next to shoulder
Follow edge of ribcage
Two fingers over xiphoid
process
Place the palm of the other
hand above the two fingers
Position the other hand over
the first palm
Straight elbow, compress the
chest 1/3 depth
Rate: 100 x / minute
 HOW LONG ?
WHEN TO STOP CPR:
CASUALTY SHOWS SIGNS OF LIFE
SOMEBODY ELSE TAKES OVER
TOO TIRED / EXHAUSTED
 RECOVERY POSITION
INDICATION: WHY?
Unconscious & Spontaneous Breathing Protect Airway
Conscious But Somnolent
Unattended Casualty

Kneel Next To Shoulder

Check Pockets / Remove Spectacles
Arm Straight
Arm Over Chest
Knee Bent
Push / Pull To Side
Position To Stabilize & Comfort
Head Tilt & Re-Check Breathing
- Position Max. 30 Minutes
 APA YANG MUNGKIN TERJADI
DI WB ??

NON TRAUMA : STROKE, SERANGAN

JANTUNG
TRAUMA
CEDERA KEPALA, LEHER DAN
TULANG BELAKANG LAINNYA, DADA,
PERUT, EXTREMITAS DLL
DROWNING / TENGGELAM
 TRAUMA
JENIS TRAUMA
1.Trauma Mekanis
Akibat benturan benda tumpul/ tajam
=>Memar, Benjol, Robek dll

2.Trauma Termis
Akibat suhu yang terlalu panas/ dingin
=>Luka bakar
 JENIS TRAUMA

3.Trauma Chemis
Akibat bahan-bahan kimia

4.Trauma Elektris
Akibat sengatan listrik
TRAUMA MEKANIS

1. TRAUMA KEPALA
Akibat :
Perdarahan luar bebat tekan pada luka
Gegar otak Kenali gejala dan tandanya
(DOMINAN PENURUNAN KESADARAN)
Perdarahan dalam kepala Kenali gejala dan
tandanya
 Luka robek pada
kepala
Pertolongan Pertama Pada Korban
Trauma (Kecelakaan Kerja)

Tekan daerah luka

dengan kain bersih
Pertolongan Pertama Pada Korban
Trauma (Kecelakaan Kerja)

Balut tekan pada

kepala
Pertolongan Pertama Pada Korban
Trauma (Kecelakaan Kerja)

CT-scan
Perdarahan otak
2.Trauma Pada Leher
Hati-hati pada penderita tidak sadar
bahaya mengangkat/memindahkan

3.Trauma Pada Dada

Sesak Napas OKSIGENASI

4.Trauma Tulang Belakang (Punggung)

Bahaya mengangkat dan memindahkan
 Korban tidak sadar

Kemungkinan
cedera leher/tulang
belakang

Posisi stabil
 Tehnik
memindahkan
korban
Korban Patah
Tulang Leher/tl.
belakang
 TRANSFER
Dengan vacum
matras /pakai
papan/long spine
board
5.Trauma Pada Tangan/ Kaki
Patah tulang
Prinsip : Reduce alignment, Imobilisasi
Tujuan : Mengurangi nyeri, mencegah kerusakan
organ
Teknik : reduce alignment manual, traksi
imobilisasi pembidaian (pakai kayu atau kain)
Luka Terbuka
Bebat tekan
 Teknik Pembidaian
dengan potongan
papan (spalk)
 Bidai kayu pada
tangan

!! Jangan dipaksa
Teknik Imobilisasi
CEDERA
BAHU/LENGAN
ATAS
Bidai dengan
KAIN/SELENDANG/
ARM SLING
Trauma Termis

-Luka Bakar (paling umum)

Penanganan :
1. Padamkan api
2. Areal luka guyur dengan air bersih yang mengalir
3. Segera rujuk ke RS
Tujuan :
menurunkan suhu pada daerah yang terbakar
(derajat luka bakar : suhu panas + lamanya kontak)
 Luka bakar derajat 2
Penanganan Luka Bakar
Guyur dengan air
bersih mengalir
Trauma Kimia

Contoh : Mata terkena pembersih lantai

Prinsip : eliminasi bahan kimia
Cara : guyur dengan air bersih
 Akibat bahan kimia
pada mata
 Eliminasi bahan kimia
guyur dengan air
 Penanganan trauma
pada mata
 Iritasi bahan kimia
(kulit kemerahan dan
melepuh)
Trauma Elektris
Contoh :
kesetrum listrik
tersambar petir
Ciri khas:
Ada luka masuk ada luka keluar
Kemungkinan henti jantung
Penanganan :
Bebaskan penderita dari aliran listrik (jangan lupa
amankan diri)
HENTI JANTUNG CPR
 Luka bakar akibat
sengatan listrik (luka
keluar)
 Hati-hati tegangan
tinggi
 DROWNING
=TENGGELAM
Drowning is death by suffocation that
occurs within the first 24 hours after being
submerged in water.
Near drowning is survival or temporary
survival that lasts longer than the 24-hour
period after submersion.
 Types of drowning
1. Dry drowning occurs 10-15% of the time
and is caused when water-induced spasm
of the air passage prevents oxygen from
reaching the lungs.

2. Wet drowning is caused by inhaling

large amounts of water into the lungs.
 FRESH WATER DROWNING
Only a small amount of either kind of water is
needed to damage the lungs and interfere with
the body's ability to breathe. If fresh water is
inhaled, it passes from the lungs to the
bloodstream and destroys red blood cells.

SALT WATER DROWNING

If salt water is inhaled, the salt causes fluid from
the body to enter the lung tissue displacing the
air.
 The focus of the first aid for a near-
drowning victim in the water is to get
oxygen into the lungs without aggravating
any suspected neck injury.

If the victim's breathing has stopped, begin

mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing as soon
as you safely can. This could mean starting
the breathing process in the water.
 Continue to breathe for the person every 5
seconds while moving the victim to the
shore.

START CPR
Chest compressions in the water are
difficult to do without a flat surface that
does not give way and are reserved until
such a surface is available.
 Keep the person warm by removing wet
clothing and covering with warm blankets
to prevent hypothermia.

Remain with the recovering person until

emergency medical personnel have
arrived
 SUMMARY
PRINSIP DALAM P3K (BAGI PENOLONG)
Jangan Panik (histeris)
Berikan ruang cukup bagi korban
Kalau masih ingat Lakukan langkah2 penanganan
: D-R-A-B-C RESUSITASI (CPR)
: HEIMLICH MANUVRE DLL
: PENANGANAN CEDERA PENYERTA

segera minta pertolongan (Klinik/RS)

Penting!!
LEBIH BAIK MENCEGAH DRPD MENGOBATI
 HOW TO MAKE
EMERGENCY CALL ?
Call Emergency Centre
(for example : RSU KASIH IBU 223036)
What has happened ?
Casualty : Location ? Numbers ? Current
condition ? Initial Actions?
The Caller : Name and Contact Number
(Stay on the Line meanwhile the medical
team dispatch until you are asked to hang
up)
 SIMULASI
D-R-A-B-C
CPR
MENGATASI CHOKING
RECOVERY POSITION
PASANG COLLAR BRACE
MENGANGKAT DAN MEMINDAHKAN
PASIEN DENGAN CEDERA TL
BELAKANG
IMOBILISASI PATAH TULANG
THANKS