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Displacement = xf - xi = 200 m
PROBLEM SOLVING GUIDELINES
Make a list of given quantities (Data)
Convert units if needed
Make a sketch if necessary
Identify what is to be determined
Always solve the equation for the unknown
Be consistent with units
Check that the answer seems reasonable
Physics problems take practice
the more you do the easier it will be!
2.1 You leave your home and drive 4.83 km east on Mt Vernon Hwy to go
to the grocery store. After shopping, you go back home by traveling west
on Mt. Vernon Hwy.
a. What distance do you travel during this trip?
x
v Units: m/s
t
2.2 A ship steams at an average speed of 30 km/h.
a. What is the speed in m/s?
30
v = 30 km/h v = 8.33 m/s
3.6
b. How far in km does it travel in a day?
v = 30 km/h x
t = 24 h v
t
x vt = 30(24)
= 720 km
x = 500 km
x 500
t = 16.67 h
v 30
AVERAGE VELOCITY
x = 200 m
t = 25 s
x 200
a. v = 8 m/s
t 25
v = 0 m/s
ACCELERATION
v f vo at
vo vf 1 2
x( )t x vot at
2 2
v f vo 2ax
2 2
2.5 An object starts from rest with a constant acceleration of 8 m/s2 along a
straight line.
a. Find the speed at the end of 5 s
vo = 0 m/s v f vo at = 0 + 8(5)
a = 8 m/s2 = 40 m/s
t=5s
vo v f 0 40
v = 20 m/s
2 2
c. Find the distance traveled in the 5 s
1 2
x vot at = 0 + (8)(5)2
2
= 100 m
or:
x vt = 20(5)
= 100 m
2.6 A truck's speed increases uniformly from 15 km/h to 60 km/h in 20 s.
a. Determine the average speed
vo = 15/3.6 = 4.17 m/s
vf = 60/3.6 = 16.7 m/s
t = 20 s
vo v f 4.17 16.7
v = 10.4 m/s
2 2
b. Determine the acceleration
v f vo 16.7 4.17
a = 0.63 m/s2
t 20
c. Determine the distance traveled, all in units of meters and seconds.
x vt
= 10.4(20)
= 208 m
2.7 A skier starts from rest and slides 9.0 m down a slope in 3.0 s. In what
time after starting will the skier acquire a speed of 24 m/s? Assume that the
acceleration is constant.
vo = 0 m/s, x = 9 m 1 2
t = 3 s, vf = 24 m/s x vot at
2
2 x 2( 9)
a 2 2 = 2 m/s2
t 3
v f vo 24 0
t = 12 s
a 2
2.8 A bus moving at a speed of 20 m/s begin to slow at a constant rate of 3.0
m/s each second. Find how far it goes before stopping.
vo = 20 m/s
a = - 3 m/s/s
v f vo 2ax
2 2
v v
2 2
0 202
x
f o
= 67 m
2a 2( 3)
2.9 A car moving at 30 m/s slows uniformly to a speed of 10 m/s in a time
of 5.0 s.
a. Determine the acceleration of the car
vo = 30 m/s
v f vo 10 30
vf = 10 m/s
t=5s
a = - 4 m/s2
t 5
vo (t3 t2 ) a(t t )
2
3
2
2
= 30(3-2)+ (-4)(32-22)
= 20 m
2.10 The speed of a train is reduced uniformly from 15 m/s to 7.0 m/s while
traveling a distance of 90 m.
a. Calculate the acceleration.
vo = 15 m/s
v f vo 2ax
vf = 7 m/s 2 2
x = 90 m
v 2f vo2 7 2 152
a = - 0.98 m/s2
2x 2(90)
b. How much farther will the train travel before coming to rest, provided
the acceleration remains constant?
v 2f vo2 0 152
x = 25 m
2a 2( 0.98)
ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY
All bodies in free fall near the Earth's surface have the same
downward acceleration of:
g = 9.8 m/s2
Galileo Galilei
(1564-1642)
The presence of air affects the motion of falling bodies partly
through buoyancy and partly through air resistance. Thus two
different objects falling in air from the same height will not, in
general, reach the ground at exactly the same time. Because air
resistance increases with velocity, eventually a falling body
reaches a terminal velocity that depends on its mass, size, shape,
and it cannot fall any faster than that.
FREE FALL
v f vo 31.3 0
t = 3.19 s
g 9.8
2.12 A stone is thrown straight upward and it rises to a height of 20 m.
With what speed was it thrown?
y = 20 m
g = -9.8 m/s2 At highest point vf = 0
v 2f vo2 0 352
y = 382. 8 m
2g 2( 16
. )
v f vo 0 35
t = 21.9 s
g 16.
c. Its velocity 30 s after it is thrown
t = 30 s
v f vo gt 35 ( 16
. )(30) = - 13 m/s
t=4s
1
g = -1.6 m/s2 y vo t gt 2
y=0m 2
1 1 1 1
gt )( )
2
vo ( y 2 ( ( 1.6)( 4 ) ) = 3.2 m/s
2 t 4 2
2.16 A rock is thrown vertically upward with a velocity of 20 m/s from the
edge of a bridge 42 m above a river. How long does the rock stay in the air?
x 40
= 0.5 m/s
B t 80
v= 0.5 m/s
a = 0 m/s2
2.18 An object's one-dimensional motion along the x-axis is graphed in the
figure. Describe its motion.
vB
slope = 0 = 0 m/s
5.5 13
vC = -1.2 m/s
15 8.5