CONJUNCTI

ONS

By: PuputArianto
 What is a
conjunction?
Conjunction is the name for those common words
that are used to join (conjoin) parts of sentences. Also,
conjunctions may be used to begin certain sentences.

There are two different types of conjunctions:

coordinating conjunctions and subordinating
conjunctions.

Conjunctions sometimes work in pairs and are called

correlative conjunctions.

Conjunctive adverbs are also frequently used to

provide logical connections in sentences.
 Coordinating
Conjunctions
These conjunctions are seven very common words. They
Whenare
tovery
Usesmall,
Each made up of three orConjunction:
Coordinating fewer letters.
Reason Coordinating Conjunction
To communicate addition and
To communicate contrast but, yet
To communicate a result/effect so
To communicate a reason/cause for
To communicate a choice or
To communicate a negative choice nor
Coordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions are used to join words,
phrases, and independent clauses.

Examples of coordinating conjunctions in sentences:

Ex. He only wears striped ties and polka-dotted bow

ties. ( And joins two words.)

Ex. The shoes were not blue suede nor black leather.
(Nor joins two phrases.)

Ex. It wasnt a costume party, yet many came dressed

as literary villains. (Yet joins two independent clauses.)
 Subordinate Conjunctions
These conjunctions are used to express relationships
between a dependent and an independent clause.

When to Use Common Subordinate Conjunctions:

Reason Subordinate Conjunction

Regarding time after, before, once, since,
until, when, whenever, while
To communicate a reason/cause as, because, since
To communicate a result/effect in order that, so, so that, that
To communicate a conditionif, even if, unless
To communicate contrast although, even though,
though, whereas
Regarding location where, wherever
Regarding a choice than, whether
 Subordinate Conjunctions
Subordinate conjunctions often begin a dependent clause. If
the dependent clause begins or interrupts the sentence, then
it is separated from the independent clause by a comma.

Examples of subordinate conjunctions in sentences:

Ex. Once she found the perfect broach, she purchased
three outfits to match it. (Once demonstrates a time context. A
comma is used because the conjunction begins the sentence.)

Ex. He wore the top hat wherever he went. (Wherever

demonstrates a location context. Though wherever begins the
dependent clause, no comma is used because it does not begin the
sentence or interrupt the sentence.)
 Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are two separate
conjunctions that are often in sentences together.

Common Correlative Conjunctions and Examples:

both, and Ex. Both maroon and gray accent nicely.
either, or Ex. I like to wear either pants or capris.
neither, nor Ex. Neither the shirt nor the jacket fit.
not only, but (also) Ex. Not only one button fell off, but all of
them.
whether, or Ex. Whether or not you wear nice clothes,
you have to wear clothes.
not, so much as Ex. It was not that his clothes were
flamboyant so much as they were
florid.
Although + S+V
Though

Inspite of + N Ving, Pron,

Despite

........ It was raining, Rani attended grammar class

........ Raining day, Rani attended grammar class.

Because + S+V
Since

Because of + N Ving, Pron,

Due to
 Conjunctive Adverbs
Conjunctive adverbs provide connections and transitions
that clarify or limit the meaning of words.

When to Use Common Conjunctive Adverbs:

Reason Conjunctive Adverb

To communicate addition also, furthermore, besides
To communicate contrast however, still, nevertheless,
instead, otherwise
To communicate comparison similarly, likewise
To introduce a result/summary therefore, thus, consequently,
accordingly, hence, then
To indicate time next, then, meanwhile, finally
To communicate emphasis indeed, certainly
 Conjunctive Adverbs

Conjunctive adverbs can appear anywhere in a

sentence. They should be followed by a comma and,
when in the middle of a sentence, preceded by a
semicolon.
Examples of conjunctive adverbs in sentences:
Ex. Furthermore, stiletto heels are not a fad; they are classic!
(Furthermore communicates an additional statement and is
followed by a comma.)
Ex. His crimson cape caught on the skyscraper; therefore, his
flying ended abruptly. (Therefore communicates a result and is
preceded by a semicolon because it is in the middle of the
sentence.)
Ex.He only wears brown wingtips; consequently, he
does not wear white socks.

Ex. The shoes were not suede; however, they were

leather.

Ex.It was not a Halloween party; nevertheless, many

came dressed in costumes.
 EXERCISES
PART A
Fill the blank with although or despite / in spite of!
1..all my careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.
_______________________________________________________
2. My mother isnt tired, .. her working hard all day.
_______________________________________________________
3. .. she is old enough, she still improves her knowledge by joining a
course.
_______________________________________________________
4. .. her age, she dresses like a teenager.
_______________________________________________________
5. She decided to accept the job .. the salary was low.
_______________________________________________________