Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Unit 8
Modernist Literature & PARADIGM SHIFTS
What is Avant-Garde?
Works that are experimental,
radical or unorthodox, with
respect to art, culture or society
Pushing the boundaries of what
has traditionally been accepted as
the norm
Conscious to Subconscious
Poverty Avarice
Racism Crime
Disease Violence
Classism Sexism
Selfishness
Reality of Utopia vs Dystopia
Is a utopian society possible in reality? Is a dystopian society possible in reality?
Where can we find historical or contemporary examples?
To enlarge, increase,
or represent
something beyond
normal bounds
Satire exaggerates
something so that it
becomes ridiculous
and its faults can be
seen.
REVERSAL
To present the opposite of the
normal order.
Reversal can focus on the order
of events, such as serving
dessert before the main dish or
having breakfast for dinner.
Additionally, reversal can focus
on hierarchical orderfor
instance, when a young child
makes all the decisions for a
family
INCONGRUITY
To present things that
are out of place or are
absurd in relation to its
surroundings.
Examples of Satire in 1984: Incongruity
One aspect of satire in the novel is the use of labels to try and make something seem
better than it is. An example of this incongruity is all the supplies and housing that
have 'victory' at the beginning, such as Victory coffee, Victory cigarettes, Victory gin,
and the Victory Mansions where Winston, the main character, lives.
The idea behind the name is that people are supposed to view these supplies as superior.
'Victory' is a positive term, indicating superiority over something. By using this label for sub-
par products, Orwell is satirizing the propaganda that was seen throughout WWII. This
propaganda also used buzzwords like 'victory' to give the illusion of positive superiority,
regardless of the actual state of things. This is also true of the names of the various
ministries.
PARODY
To imitate the techniques and/or style of
some person, place, or thing in order to
ridicule the original.
For parody to be successful, the reader
must know the original text that is being
ridiculed.