Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
M. Iqbal Suharwardy
Computers and Structures, Inc.
Purpose
How will a structure perform when subjected to
a given level of earthquake?
Process
Recently released guidelines for Seismic
Rehabilitation of Buildings:
ATC-40
FEMA 273 (ATC-33)
Types of Performance Checks
Performance Limits
(IO, LS, CP)
Deformation Measure
Types
Truss - yielding and buckling
3D Beam - major direction flexural and shear hinging
3D Column - P-M-M interaction and shear hinging
Panel zone - Shear yielding
In-fill panel - Shear failure
Shear wall - P-M-Shear interaction!
Spring - for foundation modeling
Pushover Modeling (Properties)
Force-Deformation Relationship
C
B
Force
D E
A
Deformation
Pushover Modeling (Properties)
Force
Deformation
Pushover Modeling (Beam Element)
Shear Hinge
M
Pushover Modeling (Column Element)
Limit of analysis
Instability - loss of gravity load carrying capacity
Excessive distortions
Pushover Analysis (Solution Schemes)
Roof Displacement
Pushover Analysis (Solution Schemes)
Roof Displacement
Pushover Analysis (Results)
Force Measure
Deformation Measure
Pushover Analysis (Results)
Use of Pushover Curve
Spectral Acceleration
Base Shear
S a V / W / a1
Acceleration
Spectral
S d roof / PF1 * 1 ,roof
Spectral Displacement
Use of Pushover Curve (ATC-40)
eq 0 0.05
Acceleration
Spectral
0 (1 / 4 ) * ( E D / Eso )
factor
Spectral Displacement
Use of Pushover Curve (ATC-40)
Acceleration
Spectral
Eso
Ed Spectral Displacement
Use of Pushover Curve (ATC-40)
2.5CA
Acceleration
CV/T
Spectral
Time Period
Use of Pushover Curve (ATC-40)
2.5CA/Bs
Spectral
CV/(T BL)
Time Period
Use of Pushover Curve (ATC-40)
T0
Sd = SaT2/42
Acceleration
Acceleration
Spectral
Spectral
T0
Performance Point
Demand Spectrum for effective
damping at performance point
Acceleration
Spectral
Capacity Spectrum
Spectral Displacement
Use of Pushover Curve (ATC-40)
Spectral Displacement
Use of Pushover Curve (ATC-40)
Verification of Acceptance
Expected Performance Point
for given Earthquake
Force Measure
Performance Limits
(IO, LS, CP)
Deformation Measure
Use of Pushover Curve (ATC-40)
Use of Pushover Curve (FEMA-273)
(Displacement Coefficient Method)
C0 C1 C2 C3 S a Te2
/(4 ) 2
Use of Pushover Curve (FEMA-273)
Roof Displacement
Use of Pushover Curve (FEMA-273)
Calculation of C0
Relates spectral to roof displacement
- use modal participation factor for control
node from first mode
- or use modal participation factor for
control node from deflected shape at the
target displacement
- or use tables based on number of
stories and varies from 1 to 1.5
Use of Pushover Curve (FEMA-273)
Calculation of C1
Modifier for inelastic displacement
C1 = [1 +(R-1)T0/Te]/R
Acceleration
R is elastic strength
Spectral
C1 = 1 demand to yield
strength
T0
Time Period
Use of Pushover Curve (FEMA-273)
Calculation of C2
Modifier for hysteresis loop shape
- from Tables
- depends on Framing Type
(degrading strength)
- depends on Performance Level
- depends on Effective Period
- varies from 1.0 to 1.5
Use of Pushover Curve (FEMA-273)
Calculation of C3
Modifier for dynamic second order effects
Verification of Acceptance
Target Displacement (or
corresponding deformation)
for given Earthquake
Force Measure
Performance Limits
(IO, LS, CP)
Deformation Measure
Use of Pushover Curve
Force-Deformation Relationship
C D
B
Force
E F
A
Deformation
SAP2000/ETABS Pushover Options
Pushover analysis
- Starts from gravity loads
- Nodal Load Patterns (user, modal, mass)
- Multi-step Displacement or Drift controlled
SAP2000/ETABS Pushover Options
Graphs
- Base Shear vs Roof Displacement
- Capacity Curve
- Demand Curve
- Demand Spectra at different dampings
- Effective period lines